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61.
Kitako Tabata Eriko Sugano Akito Hatakeyama Yoshito Watanabe Tomoya Suzuki Taku Ozaki Tomokazu Fukuda Hiroshi Tomita 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
The death of photoreceptor cells is induced by continuous light exposure. However, it is unclear whether light damage was induced in retinal ganglion cells with photosensitivity by transduction of optogenetic genes. In this study, we evaluated the phototoxicities of continuous light exposure on retinal ganglion cells after transduction of the optogenetic gene mVChR1 using an adeno-associated virus vector. Rats were exposed to continuous light for a week, and visually evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded. The intensities of continuous light (500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 lx) increased substantially after VEP recordings. After the final recording of VEPs, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were retrogradely labeled with a fluorescein tracer, FluoroGold, and the number of retinal ganglion cells was counted under a fluorescent microscope. There was no significant reduction in the amplitudes of VEPs and the number of RGCs after exposure to any light intensity. These results indicated that RGCs were photosensitive after the transduction of optogenetic genes and did not induce any phototoxicity by continuous light exposure. 相似文献
62.
Taizo Miyachi Susumu Kunifuji Hajime Kitakami Koichi Furukawa Akikazu Takeuchi Haruo Yokota 《New Generation Computing》1984,2(4):385-404
In this paper we consider a deductive question-answering system for relational databases as a logic database system, and propose a knowledge assimilation method suitable for such a system. The concept of knowledge assimilation for deductive logic is constructed in an implementable form based on the notion of amalgamating object language and metalanguage. This concept calls for checks to be conducted on four subconcepts, provability, contradiction, redundancy, independency, and their corresponding internal database updates. We have implemented this logic database knowledge assimilation program in PROLOG, a logic programming language, and have found PROLOG suitable for knowledge assimilation implementation. 相似文献
63.
64.
Noriya Izu Haruo Kishimoto Takahisa Omata Takayuki Yao Shinya Otsuka-Yao-Matsuo 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2001,2(3-4)
Electrical conductivity σt of metastable κ-CeZrO4 possessing ordered arrangement of Ce and Zr ions in a manner similar to a pyrochlore-type was measured as a function of temperature and time, and compared with tetragonal metastable t′-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 and t′meta-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 phases possessing random arrangement of the cations. The κ disk was prepared by reoxidizing a pyrochlore-type precursor in O2 gas at 873 K. The σt as measured for the κ-CeZrO4 was reproducible as a function of temperatures between 957 and 1190 K. At increasing temperatures above 1233 K, the σt decreased gradually with time due to the phase transition: κ→t′, and became consistent with the t′. Although the κ-CeZrO4 phase is thermodynamically less stable than the t′-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2, it was virtually stable up to around 1233 K. It was found from the change in the σt due to the phase transition that the σt for the metastable κ-CeZrO4 was an order of magnitude higher than that for the t′ and was similar to that for the t′meta. It was previously reported that a phase transition, t′meta→t′, occurred above 1143 K. The phase transition, κ→t′, accompanied by redistribution of the cations appeared to occur at higher temperatures than that for t′meta→t′ leaving random cation arrangement. 相似文献
65.
M. Yokoo Y. Tabata Y. Yoshida K. Hayashi Y. Nozaki K. Nozawa H. Arai 《Journal of power sources》2009,190(2):252-257
We investigated a solid oxide fuel cell stack that employs anode-supported planar cells in which two intermediate plates are installed every 10 cells to determine the influence of the separation and reconnection of the intermediate plates after high temperature operation. We showed that this separation and reconnection caused no significant degradation in stack performance. A 30-cell stack, which was constructed by removing two 10-cell sub-stacks from a 50-cell stack that had operated stably 1200 h, functioned well. The difference between the average voltages of the cells in the 50- and 30-cell stacks was less than 3% when the current density, fuel utilization, and oxygen utilization were 0.30 A cm−2, 60%, and 15%, respectively. The 30-cell stack operated stably for about 1200 h with almost no degradation. These findings indicate that our stack can be restored after cells in the stack have broken down simply by removing the 10-cell sub-stacks that contain the broken cells and replacing them with undamaged 10-cell sub-stacks. 相似文献
66.
Jun Narumi Sosuke Miyazawa Haruo Miyata Atsuko Suzuki Shigemi Kohsaka Hiromi Kosugi 《Accident; analysis and prevention》1999,31(6):1370-629
Analysis of reports about incidental and accidental events in nursing care were made using a reliability engineering method. Unnatural working hours, such as evening duty, night duty falling next to a holiday, two consecutive night-duty shifts, and two consecutive evening-duty shifts were major factors in the occurrence of errors. In a mixed-division ward (a ward containing patients belonging to different divisions), rule-based errors happened more frequently than in a single-division ward. Also, less experienced nursing staffs made errors more frequently than experienced nursing staffs. 相似文献
67.
K Yoshiura Y Higuchi K Araki M Shinohara T Kawazu K Yuasa O Tabata S Kanda 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,83(6):712-718
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of lesion site and epithelial keratinization on the morphologic characteristics of odontogenic cysts and clarify determinate factors for cyst morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computed tomographic images of 92 odontogenic cysts were analyzed: 31 primordial, 31 dentigerous and 30 radicular. Thirty-four cysts were located in the maxilla (6 primordial, 10 dentigerous, and 18 radicular) and 58 in the mandible (25 primordial, 21 dentigerous, and 12 radicular). Histologically, 31 cysts showed epithelial keratinization (18 primordial and 13 dentigerous). No keratinization was seen in radicular cysts. The morphologic features of cysts were assessed by measuring long length parallel to dental arch and short length vertical to it and calculating the long/short ratio. In addition, the computed tomography pattern of the cyst was classified into unilocular, lobulated, and multilocular patterns. Appearance of the sclerotic rim and surrounding cortex were classified into three and four patterns respectively to evaluate the developmental features of the cyst. RESULTS: As a whole, the long length of the primordial cysts was statistically larger than the other two cyst groups and resulted in a larger long/short ratio. Statistical differences of CT pattern were also seen among cyst groups. There was no preference in any cyst group for the appearance of the sclerotic rim and cortex. There were statistical differences between maxilla and mandible in short axis and long/short ratio. The maxillary cysts generally showed round shapes irrespective of their histologic characteristics. A multilocular pattern was more frequent in the keratinized group of mandibular primordial cysts. In dentigerous cysts, a multilocular pattern was seen only in the keratinized group and the long/short ratio was statistically larger; cyst shape was elliptical along the long axis. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated morphologic differences of odontogenic cysts caused by lesion site and keratinization. The dentigerous cyst with predominant keratinization should be included in the primordial cyst (odontogenic keratocyst) group. 相似文献
68.
Haruo Arashi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(4):844-847
The pressure dependence of the Raman spectra of HfO2 was measured by a micro-Raman technique using a singlecrystal specimen in the pressure range from 0 to 10 GPa at room temperature. The symmetry assignment of Raman bands of the monoclinic phase was experimentally accomplished from the polarization measurements for the single crystal. With increased pressure, a phase transformation for the monoclinic phase took place at 4.3 ± 0.3 GPa. Nineteen Raman bands were observed for the high-pressure phase. The spectral structure of the Raman bands for the high-pressure phase was similar with those reported previously for ZrO2 . The space group for the high-pressure phase of HfO2 was determined as Pbcm , which was the same as that of the high-pressure phase for ZrO2 on the basis of the number and the spectral structure of the Raman bands. 相似文献
69.
Osamu Nakagawa Haruo Shimamoto Tetsuya Ueda Kou Shimomura Tsutomu Hata Toru Tachikawa Jiro Fukushima Toshinobu Banjo Isamu Yamamoto 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1989,18(5):633-643
As electronic devices become more highly integrated, the demand for small, high pin count packages has been increasing. We
have developed two new types of IC packages in response to this demand. One is an ultra thin small outline package (TSOP)
which has been reduced in size from the standard SOP and the other, which uses Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) technology, is
a super thin, high pin count TAB in cap (T.I.C.) package. In this paper, we present these packages and their features along
with the technologies used to improve package reliability and TAB. Thin packages are vulnerable to high humidity exposure,
especially after heat shock.1 The following items were therefore investigated in order to improve humidity resistance: (1)
The molding compound thermal stress, (2) Water absorption into the molding compound and its effect on package cracking during
solder dipping, (3) Chip attach pad area and its affect on package cracking, (4) Adhesion between molding resin and chip attach
pad and its affect on humidity resistance. With the improvements made as a result of these investigations, the reliability
of the new thin packages is similar to that of the standard thicker plastic packages. 相似文献
70.
When a benzene/cyclohexane mixture was permeated through poly(dimethyl acrylamide-random-methyl methacrylate) (DMAA-r-MMA)
and poly(dimethyl acrylamide)-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) (DMAA-g-MMA) membranes by pervaporation, the benzene-permselectivity
of the DMAA-r-MMA membrane changed from the diffusivity selectivity to the solubility selectivity with increasing DMAA content
but DMAA-g-MMA membranes with a high DMAA content had the higher apparent diffusivity selectivity than the apparent solubility
selectivity. Furthermore, the apparent solubility selectivity for a benzene/cyclohexane mixture between the DMAA-r-MMA membrane
and the DMAA-g-MMA membrane with a high DMAA content was remarkably different. These results were attributed to the difference
of structure between the copolymers.
Received: 27 August 1997/Revised version: 22 October 1997/Accepted: 30 October 1997 相似文献