The Nyquist stability criterion in the Nichols chart

The Nyquist stability criterion is a widely used technique for determining in the complex s‐plane the stability of a dynamical system with feedback. This paper presents a practical and comprehensive method to compute the Nyquist stability criterion directly in the Nichols (magnitude/phase) chart. The proposed method also gives guidelines to design controllers to stabilize unstable plants when dealing with frequency domain techniques like the quantitative feedback theory robust control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active disturbance rejection control approach to stabilization of lower triangular systems with uncertainty

In this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to stabilization for lower triangular nonlinear systems with large uncertainties. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate the state and the uncertainty, in real time, simultaneously. The constant gain and the time‐varying gain are used in ESO design separately. The uncertainty is then compensated in the feedback loop. The practical stability for the closed‐loop system with constant gain ESO and the asymptotic stability with time‐varying gain ESO are proven. The constant gain ESO can deal with larger class of nonlinear systems but causes the peaking value near the initial stage that can be reduced significantly by time‐varying gain ESO. The nature of estimation/cancelation makes the ADRC very different from high‐gain control where the high gain is used in both observer and feedback. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A timing controller embedded driver IC with 3.24‐Gbps eDP interface for chip‐on‐glass TFT‐LCD applications

This paper presents a timing controller embedded driver (TED) IC with 3.24‐Gbps embedded display port (eDP), which is implemented using a 45‐nm high‐voltage CMOS process for the chip‐on‐glass (COG) TFT‐LCD applications. The proposed TED‐IC employs the input offset calibration scheme, the zero‐adjustable equalizer, and the phase locked loop‐based bang‐bang clock and data recovery to enhance the maximum data rate. Also, the proposed TED‐IC provides efficient power management by supporting advanced link power management feature of eDP standard v1.4. Additionally, the smart charge sharing is proposed to reduce the dynamic power consumption of output buffers. Measured result demonstrates the maximum data rate of 3.24 Gbps from a 1.1 V supply voltage with a 7.9‐inch QXGA 60‐Hz COG‐LCD prototype panel and 44% power saving from the display system.     

An adaptive generation method for electrophoretic display driving waveform design

Electrophoretic display (EPD) technology is attractive when used for reading devices such as e‐paper because of its paper‐like appearance. EPD driving is more complex than other display technologies such as liquid crystal display or organic light emission diode because the driving result of a pixel strongly depends on the initial display state. The particle size and distribution in the EPD film may vary, even if the initial state is the same. Therefore, the display devices vary between different manufacturing batches. Furthermore, different display modes such as videos, pictures or documents need different driving waveforms to achieve an optimal result. EPD manufacturers need to build a customized driving waveform for every manufacturing batch. This is very inconvenient if new applications on EPD are to be developed. And the workload is huge. In this work, an adaptive method is described for automatically creating EPD driving waveforms to fit different conditions. The central idea of this method is generally adjusting the driving time and the voltage state after getting the feedback from a measurement model. In this method, a new driving waveform is used to reduce refresh time and visual flicker. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can automatically and adaptively generate an EPD driving waveform with reasonable quality.     

Finite‐time asynchronous filtering for discrete‐time Markov jump systems over a lossy network

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite‐time asynchronous filtering for a class of discrete‐time Markov jump systems. The communication links between the system and filter are assumed to be unreliable, which lead to the simultaneous occurrences of packet dropouts, time delays, sensor nonlinearity and nonsynchronous modes. The objective is to design a filter that ensures not only the mean‐square stochastic finite‐time bounded but also a prescribed level of performance for the underlying error system over a lossy network. With the help of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach and stochastic analysis theory, sufficient conditions are established for the existence of an admissible filter. By using a novel simple matrix decoupling approach, a desired asynchronous filter can be constructed. Finally, a numerical example is presented and a pulse‐width‐modulation‐driven boost converter model is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rendering of HDR images to improve brightness discrimination

The impression of quality of images can be enhanced on a high dynamic range (HDR) displays. Generally, a conventional 8‐bit image can be processed to an HDR image by inverse tone mapping operators. Among the operators, brightness discrimination mapping by applying brightness adaptation model attempted to mimic the human visual system. In this paper, we use a brightness adaptation model to derive a brightness discrimination mapping algorithm for HDR displays. The proposed algorithm maximizes a function, which represents the local and global brightness discrimination range by exploiting characteristics of the human visual system. Enhancement of details is verified by visualizing HDR images from dark to bright regions. Improvement of dynamic range is quantified by measuring increased discrimination ratio.     

A high optical efficiency 3D/2D convertible integral imaging display

We propose a high optical efficiency three‐dimensional (3D)/two‐dimensional (2D) convertible integral imaging display by using a pinhole array on a reflective polarizer. The 3D mode is realized by adopting a pinhole array on a reflective polarizer to generate a point light source array. Three‐dimensional/2D convertible feature is realized by electrically controlling a polarization switcher. The reflective polarizer can reflect the light that has the orthogonal polarization direction with the reflective polarizer and transmit the light that has the same polarization direction with the reflective polarizer. The reflected light is recycled, so the optical efficiencies for both 3D and 2D modes are enhanced. In the practical experiments, the optical efficiencies of the proposed integral imaging display increase by 8.04 times and 1.65 times in 3D and 2D modes comparing with the conventional integral imaging display that has no light recycle, respectively.     

Partial consensus of identical feedforward dynamic systems with input saturations

This paper studies the partial consensus problem for identical feedforward dynamic systems with input saturations. We construct two consensus protocols using the partial‐state information and full‐state information, respectively. Applying a change of coordinates, feedforward system is transformed into the block diagonal form. Then, by utilizing the bounded real lemma and small gain theorem, we solve the partial consensus problem, and the existence of each protocol is derived. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Screen‐based color vision test for digital quantification of deutan color defects using a color‐calibrated monitor

Display technologies are used in various industries. However, few studies on color vision testing using self‐luminous displays are reported. In this study, a screen‐based color vision test, termed the digital color vision test (DCVT), is developed on a color‐calibrated monitor. A control bar is adjusted by the observer to build just noticeable chromatic difference ellipses in CIE u′v′ chromaticity diagram, which indicate the capabilities of subjects' color visions. Ten color‐normal observers and 13 deutan observers participated in the psychophysical experiments. The observers also performed the other two typical diagnostic tests (D‐15 and anomaloscope). Results from the experiment using the adjustment psychophysical method for digital quantification of deutan color vision defects are presented. It is found that the diagnosis accuracy of the DCVT is approximately equivalent to those of D‐15 and anomaloscope tests.     

Adaptive chatter mitigation control for machining processes with input saturations

Chatter is an unstable nonlinear dynamical phenomenon often encountered in machining operations because of the self‐excitation mechanism, which may lead to overcut or rapid tool wear, and hence, greatly influence the surface quality and productivity in milling operations. Recent years have witnessed an increasing industrial demand of high quality and high efficiency machining. This paper hereby develops a constrained active adaptive control method to mitigate the chatter dynamics with input saturations. To guarantee the feasibility of the proposed approach, moderate stable conditions of the closed‐loop system are afterwards derived by using the LaSalle–Yoshizawa theorem as well. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to show the substantially enlarged stable region in the Lobe Diagram. Thus, the method can be expected to improve the efficiency of milling processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.