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121.
Kim DeFronzo Haselhoff 《Journal of Urban Affairs》2002,24(4):425-443
I argue that the motivation for the San Fernando Valley secession movement can be explained as a desire for local control based on democratic ideals, but I emphasize that the movement is also motivated in part by the tangible benefits that accompany such autonomy. After a brief look at possible economic and racial motivations behind the secession movement, I look for a political divide between the city and the Valley, based on literature that has found political divisions between urban and suburban areas. Evidence of a political divide is mixed, but does indicate that the Valley lacks representation in comparison to the rest of the city. Valley residents may also fear increasing minority political power, which could erode the dominance of Valley whites at the polls. There is also evidence that those who favor secession are most dissatisfied with representation and most concerned with getting their fair share of services from the city, indicating a strong desire for more local control. Images of a smaller, more democratic government, and a more engaged local civic community are prime motivations in the Valley’s quest for autonomy, though the possibility of reduced taxes, land use control, and increased political power do offer secessionists clear substantive benefits in addition to more democratic goals. 相似文献
122.
Hyun-Goo Kim Wha-Nam Myung K. Sumiyama K. Suzuki 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2002,340(1-2):270-274
We report upon the chemical leaching and magnetic properties of nanoscale crystalline Al0.6(Co25Cu75)0.4 alloy powders produced by rod milling. X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h of milling, only the b.c.c. phase of the intermetallic compound γ-Al3.892Cu6.10808 was detected by XRD. After annealing the leached specimen at 600 °C for 1 h, the nanoscale crystalline phase was transformed into the f.c.c. Cu phase, and this was accompanied by a change in the magnetic properties. The peaks of the magnetization shifted towards lower temperature with increasing external field. The temperature behavior at Tf (45 K) for direct current (d.c.) magnetic susceptibility measurements was quite different for field cooling and zero-field cooling. After cooling the leached specimen from 800 °C, magnetization increased gradually. 相似文献
123.
Chuang-Yuan Lee Eun Sok Kim 《Journal of microelectromechanical systems》2006,15(4):745-755
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of the first MEMS piezoelectric tunable capacitors employing zinc oxide (ZnO) actuation. Relatively simple design rules for the device-structure optimization for largest deflection are shown from simulation results based on theoretical equations. The ZnO-actuated tunable capacitors are accordingly designed and fabricated with both surface and bulk micromachining techniques. Through the surface micromachining process, sacrificial silicon is removed with XeF/sub 2/, and parylene is successfully used as a supporting layer for a piezoelectric unimorph cantilever. For comparison, other two different structures using plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) SiN and SU-8 as supporting layers are also fabricated. Deflection analyses are performed for three specific structures, among which the parylene-supported one is demonstrated to have the largest displacement and most suitable for tunable capacitor application. For bulk-micromachined tunable capacitor, we have implemented a novel design of a large structure driven by a ZnO unimorph, and obtained a tuning ratio of more than 21:1 (0.46 pF-10.02 pF). This is the highest tuning ratio reported to date for parallel-plate tunable capacitors while requiring an applied voltage of only 35 V. 相似文献
124.
Woo Gon Kim Sung Ho Kim Woo Seog Ryu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(11):1420-1427
The Monkman-Grant (M-G) and its modified parameters were evaluated for type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo stainless steels prepared
with minor element variations. Several sets of creep data for the two alloy systems were obtained by constant-load creep tests
in 550-650°C temperature range. The M-G parameters,m, m’,C, andC’ were proposed and discussed for the two alloy systems. Them value of the M-G relation was 0.90 in type 316LN steel and 0.84 in modified 9Cr-Mo steel. Them’, value of the modified relation was 0.94 in type 316LN steel and 0.89 in 9Cr-Mo steel. Although creep fracture modes and
creep properties between type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo steels showed a basic difference, the M-G and its modified relations
demonstrated linearity quite well. Them’ of modified relation almost overlapped regardless of the creep testing conditions and chemical variations in the two alloy
systems, and the parameterm’ was closer to unity than that of the M-G relation. 相似文献
125.
Seong-Ku Kim Joon Kyu Lee Yong-Mo Kim Jae-Hyun Ahn 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(7):1009-1018
The Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF) concept has been applied to numerically simulate the combustion processes and
pollutant formation in the direct injection diesel engine. Due to the ability for interactively describing the transient behaviors
of local flame structures with CFD solver, the RIF concept has the capabilities to predict the auto-ignition and subsequent
flame propagation in the diesel engine combustion chamber as well as to effectively account for the detailed mechanisms of
soot formation, NOX formation including thermal NO path, prompt and nitrous NOX formation, and reburning process. Special emphasis is given to the turbulent combustion model which properly accounts for
vaporization effects on the mixture fraction fluctuations and the pdf model. The results of numerical modeling using the RIF
concept are compared with experimental data and with numerical results of the commonly applied procedure which the low-temperature
and high-temperature oxidation processes are represented by the Shell ignition model and the eddy dissipation model, respectively.
Numerical results indicate that the RIF approach including the vaporization effect on turbulent spray combustion process successfully
predicts the ignition delay time and location as well as the pollutant formation. 相似文献
126.
The flow and heat transfer characteristics of a pair of embedded counter-rotating vortices are studied experimentally. In order to control the strength of longitudinal vortices, angle of attack of the vortex generators is varied from ±20° to ±45°, and the spacing between the vortex generators is 4 cm apart. The heat transfer measurements using thermo-chromatic liquid crystal are made to provide the local surface distributions of heat transfer coefficients. The following conclusions are obtained from the present experiment. For the common-flow-down cases, two maximum values in the local heat transfer distributions exist for the three angles of attack. With the common-flow-up cases, only one maximum value exists. The common-flow-down cases show better heat transfer characteristics than the common-flow-up cases. 相似文献
127.
128.
Although the literature on the mechanics of cellular materials is vast, there is no theoretical model to account for the effects of axial yielding of struts aligned to the applied loading direction on the plastic yield surface under multiaxial loading conditions. An anisotropic hexagonal model having tapered strut morphology is developed to show these effects on the plastic yield surface under multiaxial tensile loading condition. This model covers several types of cellular structure such as two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and square cellular materials, and three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal and rhombic cellular materials of rod-like columnar structure. A tetrahedral element with tapered strut morphology is also used for a foam model to illustrate these effects on the yield surface under axisymmetric loading condition. Plastic collapse due to bending moment in the inclined struts is a dominant mode. However, under multiaxial tensile loading, the collapse due to axial yielding of struts parallel to the loading direction is found to be an important mode. The shape of plastic yield surface was found to depend not only on relative density but also on the strut morphology. 相似文献
129.
Woo-Jin Han Eun-Kyoung Kim Yung-Hwan Oh 《Electronics letters》2002,38(6):292-294
A novel frame interpolation technique for two-band linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders is proposed for maintaining natural speech quality at bit rates below 1 kbit/s. Experimental results show that the speech quality of the proposed vocoder is quite natural at bit rates 880 bit/s and comparable to that of 4.8 kbit/s CELP 相似文献
130.
Smart TDI readout circuit for long-wavelength IR detector 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Byunghyuk Kim Hee Chul Lee 《Electronics letters》2002,38(16):854-855
A smart time delay and integration (TDI) readout circuit is suggested which performs background suppression, cell-to-cell non-uniformity compensation, and dead pixel correction. Using the smart TDI readout circuit, the integration capacitor area occupying almost the whole area of a unit-cell can be reduced to one-fifth and transimpedance gain can increase by five times. From measurement results, it is found that the skimming current error for a few hundred nA background current is < 1.25 nA corresponding to LSB/2 of ADC and the non-uniformity introduced by cell-to-cell background current variation is reduced to 1.02 nA 相似文献