交货期惩罚下柔性车间调度多目标Pareto优化研究

针对传统作业车间调度问题的局限性,结合实际生产过程的特点和约束条件,建立路径柔性的作业车间调度仿真模型。采用连续空间蚁群算法,对柔性车间作业进行多变量、多约束下的调度布局优化设计,在考虑各个机器提前/拖期完工的惩罚值,所有机器上的总负荷、成品合格率和最大设备利用率等性能指标更加合理情况下,为每次迭代产生的邻域解集作为Pareto非支配排序,防止算法操作过程中劣解的产生,提高求解效率。并与自适应免疫算法和交换序列混合粒子群法的优化结果进行对比,该算法可有效改善基本蚁群算法的停滞现象和全局寻优能力差的缺点。目前,该方法已在某机械公司进行示范,在提高加工效率、降低生产成本、减少协作费等方面效果显著。     

金属液体凝固中直接挤压过程的数值模拟

根据稳定的交替方向隐式（ＳＡＤＩ）有限差分方法、上限元法（ＵＢＥＴ）等数值计算方法提出了一种数值模拟方法．使用这种方法成功地模拟了融凝固和大塑性变形为一体的金属液体凝固过程中直接挤压（简称液体挤压）的工艺过程．计算机生成的动画图象直观地表现了工件的整个成型过程．模拟结果有助于掌握液体挤压这一新工艺的各种工艺规律．     

MG63 Osteoblast-like Cells Growth Behaviour on Carbon/Carbon Composites with Different Carbon Matrixes

During the process that implant materials are used for bone replacement,the cell responses to implant materials determine the long-term stability of bone replacement.The microstructure of implant materials is considered as a critical factor that influences the cell responses.Carbon/Carbon composites(C/C composites) are novel implant materials,but there are few reports on the effect of their microstructure,especially the carbon matrixes and holes,on cell behavior.In this paper,C/C composites with different carbon matrixes are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration and pressure impregnation carbonization technique,respectively.The structure of holes is analyzed.The cell responses to C/C composites with different carbon matrixes are evaluated with MG63 osteoblast-like cells.The morphologies of MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the surface of C/C composites,especially in the holes are assessed by scanning electron microscope,and cell proliferation behavior is evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The results show that MG63 osteoblast-like cells have a lamellar morphology with similar sizes and spreading areas as well as the same proliferation behaviors for C/C composites with different carbon matrixes.Carbon matrix shows unapparent influence on the cell growth behavior.Besides,MG63 osteoblast-like cells have various interactions with the holes of C/C composites.The cells stride over the holes with 6～8μm in size,and connect with each other or grow along the curvature wall of the holes with a size of 30-40μm;the cells present three-dimensional morphologies inside the holes and display circular shapes along the ridge of the holes.Diverse cell-material interactions are found according to the size and position of the holes,which provides theoretical foundation for the microstructure design of clinical C/C composites.     

Adsorbed O2 on the Graphite‐Induced Growth of Ultra‐Long Single‐Crystalline 6H–SiC Nanowires

Large‐scale ultra‐long 6H–SiC nanowires were in situ synthesized on the as‐prepared SiC–Si ceramic substrate using graphite as the carbon source and substrate as the silicon source via improving the adsorbed O₂ content on the graphite precursors using milling technology. The as‐grown nanowires were typical single crystal of hexagonal 6H–SiC with diameters of 50–100 nm and lengths of up to several millimeters (or even centimeters). Vapor‐solid mechanism was proposed for the growth mode of the as‐grown ultra‐long 6H–SiC nanowires. This study not only provided new insight into the growth mode for in situ synthesizing 6H–SiC nanowires on silicon‐based ceramics, but also suggested a new design methodology for synthesizing ultra‐long nanowires.     

SiC-Glass涂层碳/碳复合材料的中低温氧化行为及机制研究

为揭示具有良好高温(1300～1600 ℃)抗氧化性能的SiC-Glass涂层在中低温(500～1200 ℃)条件下的氧化防护性能,对SiC-Glass涂层碳/碳(C/C)复合材料的中低温氧化行为和机制进行了系统研究.结果表明,SiC-Glass涂层C/C复合材料的中低温氧化失重服从直线规律,但氧化机制存在温度依赖性,可分为2个区段:(1) 低温区(500～800 ℃),氧化失重速率与温度服从Arrhenius关系,氧化主要受控于氧在涂层缺陷内的扩散速率;(2) 在中温区(800～1200 ℃),氧化失重速率与温度不服从Arrhenius关系,氧化过程受氧在涂层缺陷中的扩散、SiC内涂层材料的氧化、Glass外涂层的部分熔融愈合等多种因素联合控制.对比分析表明,SiC-Glass涂层的中低温抗氧化性能不及其高温抗氧化性能优异.中低温下,涂层缺陷愈合不充分是导致这一现象的主要原因.     

Effect of Thermal Shock and Oxidation on Mechanical Property of Carbon/Carbon Composites with a Silicide Coating

A SiC whisker-toughened MoSi2-SiC-Si coating was prepared on carbon/carbon (C/C) composites surface by a two-step technique of slurry and pack cementation, and the effects of thermal shock and oxidation on the mechanical property of the coated C/C were studied. The flexural strength of C/C composites was improved by 6.8% after coated by SiC whisker-toughened MoSi2-SiC-Si. After thermal cycle between 1773 K and room temperature in air for 10 times, the mass loss of the coated sample was 5.08% and the percent...     

Effect of Extrusion Forming on Compressive Strength of Al_(18)B_4O_(33)w/Mg Composites

The aluminum borate whisker reinforced magnesium matrix composites (Al18B4O33w/Mg) were fabricated by pressure infiltration technique and extrusion-vacuum infiltration technique respectively to study the effect of extrusion forming on their mechanical behaviors. The microstructure of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The compressive strength was investigated and compared with that of the matrix alloy AZ91D. The results show that the extrusion forming could cause fracture of the wh...     

低比表面积高烧结活性Y-TZP超细粉体凝胶固相反应合成技术

介绍了一种用凝胶固相反应法合成低比表面积高烧结活性3mol%Y_2O_3-ZrO_2粉体的新技术.该技术以高纯氧化锆粉体和草酸钇粉体及少量有机物为原料配制水基料浆,混磨均匀后使其快速凝胶化,凝胶块干燥后于1300 ℃煅烧合成,再经搅拌磨研磨6 h,即得到t相超细Y-TZP粉体.其比表面积为6.8 m~2/g, d_(10)=0.17 μm,d_(50)=0.46 μm,d_(90)=0.82 μm.该粉体合成技术具有原料来源方便、成本低、污染少,操作简便,普适性强等优点,适合于工业化生产.     

氧化锆陶瓷磨球的滚制成型法制备技术与性能研究

研究了滚制成型法制备氧化锆陶瓷球坯工艺及烧结温度对陶瓷磨球体积密度、压碎强度和自磨损性能的影响.结果表明,凝胶固相合成法生产的亚微米级3mol% Y_2O_3-ZrO_2陶瓷粉体适用于滚制成型法制备体积密度高、圆度好、大小均匀的球坯.在1500 ℃保温2 h的烧结条件下得到的微晶氧化锆陶瓷磨球在快速研磨机中的自磨损率最低,其微观结构均匀,晶粒尺寸约0.5 μm,体积密度为5.97 g/cm~3,φ2.75 mm和φ6.36 mm陶瓷磨球的平均压碎强度分别达到326和1377 kg.     

Development of a linear electrostrictive servo motor

This paper presents a linear electrostrictive servo motor with high resolution and large stroke for ultra-precision motion control. High thrust force is obtained by making use of an electromagnetic clamping mechanism with force magnifying structure in the motor design. An operator alterable iterative learning control algorithm is proposed for the motion control of the motor. A prototype is designed, fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that the prototype has a mechanical resolution of 0.02 μm, yaw error less than 2 μm and maximum thrust force of 30N. Applications of the motor include producing the servo feed motions required in micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) system or as a motion control device for other precision machining systems.