Despite considerable research effort, the use of physics-based modelling to predict frictional behaviour is still a debatable
question in modern tribological research. This article presents a dry-friction model, based on physical phenomena such as
adhesion, elastic–plastic contact and deformation. This contribution offers a means to simulate all kinds of frictional behaviour
that is observed in experimental research. The contact of two bodies through their surfaces is transformed into the contact
of a body that is provided with asperities and containing material and geometrical information of both of the mating surfaces,
and a counter profile, holding solely geometrical information. The local adhesion between the asperity tips and the counter
profile, together with the elastic–plastic behaviour of the asperities themselves, form the basis for this model. The simulation
results show qualitatively good agreement with experimental study. Friction and contact phenomena such as normal creep, increasing
static coefficient of friction with increasing dwell time, pre-sliding hysteresis with nonlocal memory, Stribeck and viscous
effect, frictional lag, stick–slip and dynamical oscillations are revealed by this model. Furthermore, future improvement
and refinement of the model is possible (and ongoing) so as to incorporate lubrication and asperity wear. 相似文献
This paper considers the optimal design of mechatronic systems with configuration-dependent dynamics. An optimal mechatronic design requires that, among the structural and control parameters, an optimal choice has to be made with respect to design specifications in the different domains. Two main challenges are treated in this paper: the non-convex nature of the optimization problem and the difficulty in modeling serial machines with flexible components and their embedded controllers. The optimization problem is treated using the direct design strategy which considers simultaneously structural and control parameters as variables and adopts non-convex optimization algorithms. Linear time-invariant and gain-scheduling PID controllers are addressed. This methodology is exploited for the multi-objective optimization of a pick-and-place assembly robot with a gripper carried by a variable-length flexible beam. The resulting design tradeoffs between system accuracy and control efforts demonstrate the advantage of an integrated design approach for mechatronic systems with configuration-dependent dynamics. 相似文献
Combinatorial biosynthesis meets combinatorial pharmacology, cyanobacterial style : A new antimitotic natural product with features of both dolastatins 10 and 15 was isolated from the same Floridian Symploca sp. sample that produced the histone deacetylase inhibitor largazole. Both agents in combination are more effective in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation than either agent alone.
We are aiming for a blue print for synthesizing (moderately complex) subcellular systems from molecular components and ultimately for constructing life. However, without comprehensive instructions and design principles, we rely on simple reaction routes to operate the essential functions of life. The first forms of synthetic life will not make every building block for polymers de novo according to complex pathways, rather they will be fed with amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides. Controlled energy supply is crucial for any synthetic cell, no matter how complex. Herein, we describe the simplest pathways for the efficient generation of ATP and electrochemical ion gradients. We have estimated the demand for ATP by polymer synthesis and maintenance processes in small cell-like systems, and we describe circuits to control the need for ATP. We also present fluorescence-based sensors for pH, ionic strength, excluded volume, ATP/ADP, and viscosity, which allow the major physicochemical conditions inside cells to be monitored and tuned. 相似文献
Mushroom β-glucans are known for their activity as biological response modifiers and anticarcinogenic agents. β-1,3-1,6 Branched glucans with a triple helix tertiary structure are recognised as the most potent ones. In the present work, a colorimetric method for β-1,3-1,6-glucan quantification based on the dye Congo red is introduced. This method is specific for β-glucans with a triple helix. The β-1,3-1,6-glucan content of mycelia and fruiting bodies from various mushrooms was determined and compared with the total β-1,3-glucan content, measured by a fluorimetric method. The results show equal amounts of β-1,3-1,6- and total β-1,3-glucans in the analysed species but obvious differences between mycelia and fruiting bodies. On the average, 3% of mycelia and 8% of fruiting body dry mass consist of β-1,3-1,6-glucans. The average percentage of β-1,3-1,6-glucans in the total β-1,3-glucan content differs between mycelia (46%) and fruiting bodies (87%). 相似文献
Herein, nanocrystals of Er3+ and Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped NaYF4 upconversion (UC) phosphor were prepared via the reverse-microemulsion method. The impact of different concentrations of Er3+ ions on the UC emission intensity after 980?nm diode laser excitation is discussed. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanophosphors were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and the results showed the presence of NaYF4 nanocrystals with hexagonal phases of NaYF4. The UC spectra revealed two emission bands including a green and a red emission band and the CIE coordinate for the samples were estimated. The present research revealed that the reverse-microemulsion approach will be suitable for the synthesis of efficient upconversion nanophosphors. 相似文献
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - Innovative physiologic MRI development focuses on depiction of heterogenous vascular and metabolic features in glioblastoma. For this... 相似文献