Thermal capture of electrons and holes at zinc centers in silicon

The thermal capture rates of electrons and holes at zinc centers in silicon are obtained in reversed biased N⁺P and P⁺N diodes from junction capacitance transients due to capture of photogenerated and injected carriers. The electric field dependence of the thermal capture rates of holes at singly ionized zinc centers is E^?1·1, while that at doubly ionized zinc centers is exp(?E/E₀). The temperature dependence of the thermal capture rate of holes at doubly ionized zinc centers is small. The thermal capture rate of electrons at neutral zinc centers is 2·0×10^?9cm³/sec with very little field dependences, while that at singly ionized zinc centers is 5·0×10^?11cm³/sec with very little field and temperature dependence below 170°K. Auger-impact emission rate of electrons trapped at doubly ionized zinc centers by electrons is 3·5×10^?10cm³/sec with very little field and temperature dependence below 170°K.     

Microfabricated system for parallel single-cell capillary electrophoresis

Performing single-cell electrophoresis separations using multiple parallel microchannels offers the possibility of both increasing throughput and eliminating cross-contamination between different separations. The instrumentation for such a system requires spatial and temporal control of both single-cell selection and lysis. To address these problems, a compact platform is presented for single-cell capillary electrophoresis in parallel microchannels that combines optical tweezers for cell selection and electromechanical lysis. Calcein-labeled acute myloid leukemia (AML) cells were selected from an on-chip reservoir and transported by optical tweezers to one of four parallel microfluidic channels. Each channel entrance was manufactured by F2-laser ablation to form a 20- to 10-microm tapered lysis reservoir, creating an injector geometry effective in confining the cellular contents during mechanical shearing of the cell at the 10-microm capillary entrance. The contents of individual cells were simultaneously injected into parallel channels resulting in electrophoretic separation as recorded by laser-induced fluorescence of the labeled cellular contents.     

Distractibility in dieters and nondieters: An alternative view of "externality."

Performed 2 experiments in an investigation of the effects of distraction and emotional arousal on the proofreading performance of 60 dieting and nondieting female undergraduates. In Exp I, it was found that distraction initially impaired the performance of dieters and facilitated the performance of nondieters, a pattern previously shown by J. Rodin (see record 1973-27101-001) to apply to obese and normal weight Ss, respectively, and interpreted as evidence of greater externality in the obese. Subsequent retesting of the same Ss in succeeding months, however, revealed a complete reversal of the original results. In Exp II, the reaction to distraction found in the first phase of Exp I was obtained when Ss were in a situation of minimal threat. In a situation of high threat, the relative distractibility of dieters was reversed, as in the latter phases of Exp I. An explanation is offered for these data in terms of the greater emotionality of dieters, the susceptibility of cognitive performance to arousal (distraction, anxiety) manipulations, and the potentially competing effects of distraction and anxiety. Implications for the prevailing "trait" view of externality (stimulus binding) are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comments on the Interpretation of the Mechanism of Formation of Minor Products Accompanying the Catalytic Cracking of Cumene

The article “The Catalytic Cracking of Cumene” by Corma and Wojciechowski [11 discusses, among other things, mechanisms of formation of minor products accompanying dealkylation of isopro-pylbenzene. The mechanistic schemes advanced by the authors by artfully exhibited drawings seem to violate accepted principles of cationic reactions and ignore known facts of catalytic hydrocarbon conversions.     

Assessment of average,population and individual bioequivalence in two- and four-period crossover studies

The aim of bioequivalence studies is to assess the equivalence of two pharmaceutical formulations of the same active drug substance. Currently three types of bioequivalence are distinguished: average, population and individual bioequivalence. Average and population bioequivalence can be assessed in two-period (non-replicated) crossover studies, whereas individual bioequivalence requires three- or four-period replicated studies, with a preference for four-period studies. The PC-program BIOEQV80 is presented for the statistical analysis of average and population bioequivalence from two-period crossover studies. The program BIOEQ2X2 is presented for the statistical analysis of all three types of bioequivalence from four-period replicated crossover studies. The statistical aspects of population and individual bioequivalence are based on a recent Guidance issued by the US Food and Drug Administration.     

A Web-Based Knowledge Network for Supporting Emerging Internet Applications

Although the Internet and the World Wide Web technologies have gained a tremendous amount of popularity among people and organizations, the network that these technologies created is not much more than a multimedia data network. It provides tools and services for people to browse and search for data but does not provide the facilities for automatically delivering the relevant information for supporting decision–making to the right people or applications at the right time. Nor does it provide the means for users to enter and share their knowledge that would be useful for making the right decisions. In this work, we introduce the concept of a Web–based knowledge network, which allows users and organizations to publish, not only their multimedia data, but also their knowledge in terms of events, parameterized event filters, customizable rules and triggers that are associated with their data and application systems. Operations on the data and application systems may post events over the Internet to trigger the processing of rules defined by both information providers and consumers. The knowledge network is constructed by a number of replicable software components, which can be installed at various network sites. They, together with the existing Web servers, form a network of knowledge Web servers.     

A vehicle routing problem solved by using a hybrid genetic algorithm

The main purpose of this study is to find out the best solution of the vehicle routing problem simultaneously considering heterogeneous vehicles, double trips, and multiple depots by using a hybrid genetic algorithm. This study suggested a mathematical programming model with a new numerical formula which presents the amount of delivery and sub-tour elimination. This model gives an optimal solution by using OPL-STUDIO(ILOG CPLEX). This study also suggests a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) which considers the improvement of generation for an initial solution, three different heuristic processes, and a float mutation rate for escaping from the local solution in order to find the best solution. The suggested HGA is also compared with the results of a general genetic algorithm and existing problems suggested by Eilon and Fisher. We found better solutions rather than the existing genetic algorithms.