Hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes catalyzed by guanidine hydrochloride in water

A simple method is described for the synthesis of α-hydroxy phosphonates by reaction of aldehydes with trimethylphosphite in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (5 mol%) in water at 50 °C.     

Design and Implementation of a Novel HomePlug-Based Solution for Low Cost and High Performance Smart Home Networking

As the smart home is the end-point power consumer, it is the major part to be controlled in a smart micro grid. There are so many challenges for implementing a smart home system in which the most important ones are the cost and simplicity of the implementation method. It is clear that the major share of the total cost is referred to the internal controlling system network; although there are too many methods proposed but still there is not any satisfying method at the consumers' point of view. In this paper, a novel solution for this demand is proposed, which not only minimizes the implementation cost, but also provides a high level of reliability and simplicity of operation; feasibility, extendibility, and flexibility are other leading properties of the design.     

Field Enhancement in Metamaterial Split Ring Resonator Aperture Nano-Antenna with Spherical Nano-Particle Arrangement

Silicon - In this paper, we present a split ring resonator (SRR) for a nano-aperture antenna for biomedical and spectroscopy applications. We have shown that while the graphene coat layer is...     

LARPA: A learning automata‐based resource provisioning approach for massively multiplayer online games in cloud environments

Nowadays, with the development of communication systems, massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) have become very popular. In these games, the players all over the world dynamically interact with each other by sending play actions such as shootings, movements, or chatting in the form of MMOG sessions in real time through a large‐scale distributed environment. Leveraging affordable cloud computing to host such services is a widely investigated issue. It is because the arrival rate of players to the game environment has to make fluctuations, and the players expect services to be always available with an acceptable quality of service (QoS), especially in terms of the response time. Therefore, the dynamic provisioning of resources in order to deal with fluctuating demands due to variability in the arrival rate of players of the MMOG services is highly recommended. In this paper, we propose a learning‐based resource provisioning approach for MMOG services that is based on the combination of the autonomic computing paradigm and learning automata (LA). The remarkable performance of the proposed approach in terms of response time, cost, and allocated virtual machines (VMs) is assessed through simulation and comparison with the existing approaches.     

The Effect of Electromagnetic Stirrer on the Size and Morphology of Intermetallic Particles in Al-Si Metal Matrix Composite

Silicon - The electromagnetic stirrer method was developed to overcome the problems caused by the presence of a mechanical stirrer in the slurry; this method is nowadays considered to be the most...     

Synthesis of β‐cyclodextrin‐based dendrimer as a novel encapsulation agent

The aim was the fabrication of glycodendrimer encapsulation agents with high proportions of cyclodextrins (CDs) to maintain the biocompatibility properties, as well as to notably improve their ability to load various suitably sized drugs. The novel glycodendrimers contained β‐CD in both core and branches, namely β‐cyclodextrin‐based dendrimer (CD‐dendrimer) prepared through a straightforward procedure using S_N2 displacement to attach multivalent β‐CDs together. The desired CD‐dendrimer was synthesized in three steps: (i) reaction of β‐CD with p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride and/or iodine to afford C‐6 mono‐ and/or per‐β‐CD derivative; (ii) reaction of the β‐CD precursors with ethylenediamine to give C‐6 mono‐ and/or per‐amino‐β‐CD derivative; and (iii) S_N2 displacement of β‐CD electrophilic derivative with β‐CD nucleophilic derivative in dimethylsulfoxide to provide the CD‐dendrimer. Then, the encapsulation behaviour of the CD‐dendrimer was examined using naproxen and naltrexone as the guest molecules. The structure of the designed CD‐dendrimer allowed two types of possible sites for encapsulation of the guest: in cavities of the dendritic structure and in hydrophobic cavities of CDs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

A 200-MSample/s trellis-coded PRML read/write channel with analogadaptive equalizer and digital servo

A fully integrated partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) read/write IC with analog adaptive equalization operates up to 200 MSample/s. The chip implements both matched spectral null (MSN) trellis and standard PR4 Viterbi detectors in the digital domain as well as digital servo. The device is integrated in a mature 0.7-μm BiCMOS technology, has a die size of 54 mm², and dissipates 2 W with MSN code or 1.5 W with PR4 code at 4.5-V supply and 200 MSample/s