A general stochastic clustering method for automatic cluster discovery

Finding clusters in data is a challenging problem. Given a dataset, we usually do not know the number of natural clusters hidden in the dataset. The problem is exacerbated when there is little or no additional information except the data itself. This paper proposes a general stochastic clustering method that is a simplification of nature-inspired ant-based clustering approach. It begins with a basic solution and then performs stochastic search to incrementally improve the solution until the underlying clusters emerge, resulting in automatic cluster discovery in datasets. This method differs from several recent methods in that it does not require users to input the number of clusters and it makes no explicit assumption about the underlying distribution of a dataset. Our experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than several existing methods in terms of clustering accuracy and efficiency in majority of the datasets used in this study. Our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method has linear time and space complexities, and our empirical study shows that it can accurately and efficiently discover clusters in large datasets in which many existing methods fail to run.     

包装生态理论研究

提出了包装生态的概念,构造了包装生态理论的框架,论述了其特定内涵及其它的研究的经济价值与社会意义。     

Creation of Nonspherical Microparticles through Osmosis‐Driven Arrested Coalescence of Microfluidic Emulsions

Droplet‐based microfluidics enable the production of emulsions and microparticles with spherical shapes, but the high‐throughput fabrication of nonspherical emulsions and microparticles still remains challenging because interfacial tension plays a dominant role during preparation. Herein, ionic liquids (ILs) containing salts, which possess sufficient osmotic pressure to realize water transport and phase separation, are introduced as inner cores of oil‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsions and it is shown that nonspherical emulsions can be constructed by osmosis‐driven arrested coalescence of inner cores. Subsequently, ultraviolet polymerization of the nonspherical emulsions leads to nonspherical microparticles. By tailoring the number, composition, and size of inner cores as well as coalescence time, a variety of nonspherical shapes such as dumbbell, rod, spindle, snowman, tumbler, three‐pointed star, triangle, and scalene triangle are created. Importantly, benefitting from excellent solvency of ILs, this system can serve as a general platform to produce nonspherical microparticles made from different materials. Moreover, by controlling the osmotic pressure, programmed coalescence of inner cores in double emulsions is realizable, which indicates the potential to build microreactors. Thus, a simple and high‐throughput strategy to create nonspherical microparticles with arrested coalescence shapes is developed for the first time and can be further used to construct novel materials and microreactors.     

钛酸锶基粉体功能材料的合成与应用研究进展

钛酸锶作为一种典型的钙钛矿型结构物质,具有介电损耗低、热稳定性好和光催化性能优良等特点,是一种用途广泛的功能陶瓷材料。综述了近年来以钛酸锶为基体各种功能陶瓷材料的合成方法与重要应用,并探讨了其今后的主要发展方向。     

甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质制备及应用

目的 为天然气加臭剂的测量活动提供可追溯性,以保证检测结果的准确可靠。方法 采用称量法研制了摩尔分数为1.00～20.00μmol/mol的甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质,考查了该气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性。依据该标准物质建立了硫化学发光检测器气相色谱仪(GC-SCD)测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法。结果 制得的气体标准物质相对扩展不确定度为2%,k=2,国家标准物质证书编号为GBW(E)062460,采用GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法,在摩尔分数为0～5.00μmol/mol的范围内,线性良好,相关系数r=1.000,检出限低至0.03μmol/mol,并应用于天然气样品的测试,7次测量的相对标准偏差为2.1%～3.4%。结论 基于有证标准物质进行量值溯源的GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法准确可靠,为天然气中加臭剂四氢噻吩的测量提供技术保障。     

Collaborative Design of Hollow Nanocubes,In Situ Cross‐Linked Binder,and Amorphous Void@SiOx@C as a Three‐Pronged Strategy for Ultrastable Lithium Storage

Although silicon‐based materials are ideal candidate anodes for high energy density lithium‐ion batteries, the large volumetric expansion seriously damages the integrity of the electrodes and impedes commercial processes. Reasonable electrode design based on adjustable structures of silicon and strong binders prepared by a facile method is still a great challenge. Herein, a three‐pronged collaborative strategy via hollow nanocubes, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and in situ cross‐linked polyacrylic acid and d ‐sorbitol 3D network binder (c‐PAA‐DS) is adopted to maintain structural/electrode integrality and stability. The all‐integrated c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C electrode delivers excellent mechanical property, which is attributed to ductility of the c‐PAA‐DS binder and high adhesion energy between Void@SiO_x@C and c‐PAA‐DS calculated by density functional theory. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of accommodation of the hollow structure, protection of outer carbon shell, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and strong adhesive c‐PAA‐DS binder, c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C shows excellent electrochemical performance. Long cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 696 mAh g^?1 is obtained, as well as tiny capacity decay after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g^?1 and high‐rate performance. The prelithiated Void@SiO_x@C||LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) full cell is also assembled and shows a reversible capacity of 157 mAh g^?1 at 0.5 C, delivering an excellent capacity retention of 94% after 160 cycles.     

Analysis of non-loading carrying fillet welds joint using SGBEM

Fatigue failure is probably the most common type of failure in welded construction. It is usually initiates at a stress concentration area within the structure. The fatigue behavior of non-load carrying cruciform fillet welded joint has been studied extensively using boundary element method. The symmetric boundary element method for multiple cracks problem is derived using Betti's reciprocal theorem in auxiliary fictitious state. High order element is proposed to solve the double integrals. The analysis demonstrates that symmetrical Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) can be used effectively for analyzing non-load carrying fillet welded cruciform joints containing any number of surface and embedded cracks. The stress intensity factor and the magnification factors M _k are analyzed. General formulation for this kind of fatigue life estimation is derived for engineering design purpose. The fatigue life estimate results are consistent with the code of practice and those of other researchers. This can provide a good method for engineering design under fatigue loading conditions.     

对一个群签名方案的分析与改进

分析了一个基于中国剩余定理的群签名方案,指出此方案并不安全：任何一个群成员或已被撤销的群成员都可以完全攻破此方案。针对该安全缺陷提出了一个改进的新方案。分析表明,该方案不仅可以在不改变其他群成员密钥的情况下有效地增加和撤销群成员,而且具有不可伪造性、防陷害攻击、抗联合攻击等性质。     

The E3 Ligase GmPUB21 Negatively Regulates Drought and Salinity Stress Response in Soybean

E3-ubiquitin ligases are known to confer abiotic stress responses in plants. In the present study, GmPUB21, a novel U-box E3-ubiquitin ligase-encoding gene, was isolated from soybean and functionally characterized. The expression of GmPUB21, which possesses E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, was found to be significantly up-regulated by drought, salinity, and ABA treatments. The fusion protein GmPUB21-GFP was localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Transgenic lines of the Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing GmPUB21 showed more sensitive to osmotic, salinity stress and ABA in seed germination and inhibited mannitol/NaCl-mediated stomatal closure. Moreover, higher reactive oxygen species accumulation was observed in GmPUB21 overexpressing plants after drought and salinity treatment than in wild-type (WT) plants. Contrarily, silencing of GmPUB21 in soybean plants significantly enhanced the tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Collectively, our results revealed that GmPUB21 negatively regulates the drought and salinity tolerance by increasing the stomatal density and aperture via the ABA signaling pathway. These findings improved our understanding of the role of GmPUB21 under drought and salinity stresses in soybean.