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141.
Kazuhiro Yoshioka Ei-ichi TazawaKenji Kawai Tomoyuki Enohata 《Cement and Concrete Research》2002,32(10):1507-1513
Adsorption characteristics of various superplasticizers on portland cement component minerals were investigated. Adsorption isotherms of various types of superplasticizers and ζ-potentials of cement component minerals at the maximum adsorption of the superplasticizers were measured. The value of the adsorption isotherm was calculated from the amount of the superplasticizer adsorbed on a cement component mineral in an equilibrated solution. The maximum amounts of adsorption and the adsorption isotherms varied with types of component mineral and superplasticizer. For all types of superplasticizers, a larger amount of superplasticizer was adsorbed on C3A and C4AF than C3S and C2S. However, the equilibrated concentration of each superplasticizer at the maximum adsorption was not influenced by types of superplasticizer. Without superplasticizer, C3S and C2S had negative ζ-potential. On the contrary, C3A and C4AF had positive ζ-potential. Therefore, accelerated coagulation of cement particles might occur due to their electrostatic potentials that are opposite each other. However, all component minerals of cement had negative ζ-potential when they were mixed with any superplasticizer. Fluidity of fresh cement paste is improved due to electrostatic repulsion acting between particles. 相似文献
142.
Takeshi Kondo Hiroyuki Ito Kazuhiro Ohkawa Akira Fujishima Takeshi Kawai 《Electrochimica acta》2007,52(11):3841-3848
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin film surfaces were modified by brief plasma treatment using various source gases such as Cl2, CF4, Ar and CH4, and the electrochemical properties of the surfaces were subsequently investigated. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, Cl and F atoms were detected on the BDD surfaces after 3 min of Cl2 and CF4 plasma treatments, respectively. From the results of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical AC impedance measurements, the electron-transfer rate for Fe(CN)63−/4− and Fe2+/3+ at the BDD electrodes was found to decrease after Cl2 and CF4 plasma treatments. However, the electron-transfer rate for Ru(NH3)62+/3+ showed almost no change after these treatments. This may have been related to the specific interactions of surface halogen (C-Cl and C-F) moieties with the redox species because no electrical passivation was observed after the treatments. In addition, Raman spectroscopy showed that CH4 plasma treatment of diamond surfaces formed an insulating diamond-like carbon thin layer on the surfaces. Thus, by an appropriate choice of plasma source, short-duration plasma treatments can be an effective way to functionalize diamond surfaces in various ways while maintaining a wide potential window and a low background current. 相似文献
143.
Deformability enhancement in ultra-fine grained, Ar-contained W compacts by TiC additions up to 1.1%
S. Matsuo H. Kurishita H. Arakawa T. Takida M. Kato Y. Yamamoto K. Takebe M. Kawai N. Yoshida 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》2008,492(1-2):475-480
Nano-sized Ar bubbles give negative influence on the fracture resistance and occurrence of superplasticity in ultra-fine grained (UFG) W–TiC compacts. In order to enhance deformability in UFG, Ar-contained W–TiC compacts, effects of TiC addition on the high-temperature deformation behavior were examined. W–TiC compacts with TiC additions of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.1 wt% were fabricated by mechanical alloying in a purified Ar atmosphere and hot isostatic pressing. Tensile tests were conducted at 1673–1973 K (0.45–0.54 Tm, Tm: melting point of W) at initial strain rates from 5 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−3 s−1. It is found that as TiC addition increases, the elongation to fracture significantly increases, e.g., from 3 to 7% for W–0 and 0.25TiC/Ar to above 160% for W–1.1TiC/Ar when tested at 1873 and 1973 K at 5 × 10−4 s−1. The flow stress takes a peak at 0.25%TiC and decreases to a nearly constant level at 0.5–1.1%TiC. The ranges of the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress, m, and the activation energy for deformation, Q, with TiC additions are 0.17–0.30 and 310–600 kJ/mol, respectively. The observed effects of the TiC additions on the tensile properties are discussed. 相似文献
144.
145.
Complications are common among patients treated for malignant lesions of the proximal tibia and can be difficult to manage. This investigation was a retrospective review of 40 patients treated with total knee replacements after proximal tibial resections. Various reconstructive methods were used to fix the prosthetic stems, reestablish the extensor mechanism, and provide soft tissue coverage. Thirty-one patients had adequate followup to allow for review of prosthetic outcome (means, 78 months; range, 25-193 months). Seven patients died with less than 2 years followup, and two patients had postoperative acute infections treated by early amputation to allow chemotherapy to resume promptly. The overall 5-, 8-, and 12-year event free prostheses survival rates were 62%, 33%, and 16%, respectively. Prognostic factors for prosthetic survival were analyzed (age, gender, type of excision, type of prosthesis, type of fixation, and percent of bone resected). None were statistically significant. Patients with less than 40% of the tibia resected had better prosthetic survival at 5 years. The durability of uncemented stem fixation exceeded that of cemented stems. Expected survival of prostheses after revision was 52% at 8 years. The major cause of limb loss was infection. Failure to reconstruct soft tissues satisfactorily caused most failures. Aggressive multistage management of infection is needed. Prosthetic knee replacement is most suitable for patients with cancers that require chemotherapy and for those patients who have short potential survival. 相似文献
146.
A technique for obtaining outer-loop control of the target SIR for closed-loop fast transmit power control (TPC) is presented for turbo-coded wideband DS-CDMA (W-CDMA) mobile radio systems. The frame error rate (FER) of an intermediate decoding output in the turbo-decoder. i.e. before the final iteration stage is reached, is measured to control the target SIR. The bit error rate (BER) after the final decoding iteration can be maintained accurately at the prescribed BER value, e.g. BER=10-6, without losing the tracking ability in the presence of slowly changing propagation channel conditions. Computer simulation results supporting this ability are reported 相似文献
147.
引言用甲烷直接合成C_2以上的碳氢化合物非常困难,例如,由甲烷脱氢合成乙烯,按热力学计算在1000K下甲烷的平衡转化率只有4.8%,所以至今甲烷仍主要用作燃料.为了充分利用这一化工基础原料,作者利用热扩散塔进行了甲烷的催化脱氢反应,使反应与分离同时进行,大幅度提高了甲烷的转化率.为考察热扩散的分离效果,本文用甲烷脱氢反应的主要成分甲烷和氢混合物为原料,在热扩散塔中分别进行了空塔和填料塔的热扩散分离实验,考察了一些操作参数对分离效果的影响,以期对反应操作条件提供必要的参考.l原理所谓热扩散现象,就是在温度场… 相似文献
148.
The separation–permeation performance of porous silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics (consisting of columnar grains connected at random in three dimensions) as membrane filters was evaluated, and compared with commercial Al2O3 membranes having a three-layer structure. Si3N4 membranes separate particles with diameters much less than their pore diameters. The permeability of Si3N4 membranes with separability values the same as those of the Al2O3 membranes was about 1.3–2.4 times as large as the Al2O3 membranes. Dead-end filtration examination, using Al2O3 particles with a particle size distribution, indicated that the Si3N4 membrane filtration mechanism obeyed the cake filtration mechanism although the particle size was smaller than the pore size of the Si3N4 membranes. 相似文献
149.
The psychrotrophic alanine racemase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, a typical psychrotroph, is less resistant to organic solvents than the enzymes from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria (Okubo et al., J. Home Econ. Jpn., 46: 1135-1140, 1995). To further elucidate this difference, we examined the effect of ethyl alcohol on the growth and intracellular alanine racemase activity of three typical psychrotrophs-P. fluorescens, Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus and B. psychrophilus-in comparison with two mesophiles, Escherichia coli and B. subtilis. Although all the bacteria grew to the early stationary phase when cultivated at 22 degrees C for 36 h in the absence of ethyl alcohol, the growth of the psychrotrophs was more effectively suppressed by the addition of 3 and 5% ethyl alcohol to the medium than that of the mesophiles. The intracellular alanine racemase activity of the psychrotrophs was also more markedly reduced in the presence of ethyl alcohol than that of the mesophiles. When bacterial cells of each strain grown at 22 degrees C for 36 h in the absence of alcohol were suspended in 0-5 % ethyl alcohol solution and incubated at 30 degrees C for 1 h, both the survival ratio and intracellular alanine racemase activity of the psychrotrophs were lower than those of the mesophiles. Thus, ethyl alcohol effectively reduced both the growth of the psychrotrophs and their intracellular alanine racemase activity. Low concentrations of various other alcohols also repressed the growth of the psychrotrophs at 10 degrees C. 相似文献
150.
Hashimoto W Momma K Miki H Mishima Y Kobayashi E Miyake O Kawai S Nankai H Mikami B Murata K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》1999,87(2):123-136
When microorganisms utilize macromolecules for their growth, they commonly produce extracellular depolymerization enzymes and then incorporate the depolymerized low-molecular-weight products. Assimilation of heteropolysaccharides (gellan and xanthan) by Bacillus sp. GL1 depends on this generally accepted mechanism. On the other hand, Sphingomonas sp. A1 represents an unexplored specific and interesting system for macromolecule assimilation. In the presence of heteropolysaccharide (alginate), the bacterium forms a mouthlike pit on its cell surface and directly incorporates the macromolecule using a novel ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter). In this review, we discuss enzymatic and genetic bases on the depolymerization and assimilation routes of heteropolysaccharides in bacteria, with particular emphasis on the novel incorporation system for macromolecules, characteristic post-translational modification processes of polysaccharide lyases and on the mouthlike pit structure on the bacterial cell surface. 相似文献