Processing of ethanol fermentation broths by Candida krusei to separate bioethanol by pervaporation using silicone rubber‐coated silicalite membranes

BACKGROUND: Pervaporation employing ethanol‐permselective silicalite membranes as an alternative to distillation is a promising approach for refining low‐concentration bioethanol solutions. However, to make the separation process practicable, it is extremely important to avoid the problems caused by the adsorption of succinate on the membrane during the separation process. In this work, the pervaporation of an ethanol fermentation broth without succinate was investigated, as well as the influence of several fermentation broth nutrient components. RESULTS: Candida krusei IA‐1 produces an extremely low level of succinate. The decrease in permeate ethanol concentration through a silicone rubber‐coated silicalite membrane during the separation of low‐succinate C. krusei IA‐1 fermentation broth was significantly improved when compared with that obtained using Saccharomyces cerevisiae broth. By treating the fermentation broth with activated carbon, bioethanol was concentrated as efficiently as with binary mixtures of ethanol/water. The total flux was improved upto 56% of that obtained from the separation of binary mixtures, compared with 43% before the addition of activated carbon. Nutrients such as peptone, yeast extract and corn steep liquor had a negative effect on pervaporation, but this response was distinct from that caused by succinate. CONCLUSION: For consistent separation of bioethanol from C. krusei IA‐1 fermentation broth by pervaporation, it is useful to treat the low nutrient broth with activated carbon. To further improve pervaporation performance, it will be necessary to suppress the accumulation of glycerol. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

高温作用后不等肢L形截面型钢混凝土柱偏心受压性能试验研究

对8根不等肢L形截面型钢混凝土柱进行高温作用后的受力性能试验研究,1根未受火柱作为对比试件。柱配钢形式为桁架式配钢,试验中考虑加载角与加载偏心距的影响。通过试验,获得试件破坏形态以及承载力、截面平均应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线和截面变形特性。研究结果表明：柱肢内侧两面受火1 h的不等肢L形截面型钢混凝土柱仍然具有较高的竖向承载能力;空腹式配钢与合理的腹杆布置能够保证型钢与混凝土的协同工作,应变平截面假定仍然适用;不等肢L形截面型钢混凝土柱长肢方向的截面弯曲刚度较短肢的大,加载角0°时的刚度大于加载角45°时的刚度。     

螺钉车工艺方法应用

主要介绍了螺钉车工艺在车身开发中的应用,可早期发现车身、组装的品质问题,早期对部件整改,提前发现设备问题来实现设备稳定及工序品质稳定。通过对这些问题的整改最终达到稳定车身精度,并使生产及车身品质达到稳定的目的。     

Effect of weld line direction and paint orientation on corrosion and paint deterioration characteristics of welded part of steel

One thousand two hundred cycles of accelerated exposure experiment with combined salt water spray simulating atmospheric corrosion was performed for investigating the effect of weld line direction and paint orientation on the corrosion and paint deterioration characteristics of welded part of the steel. The corrosion depth of the weld toe of transverse weld line became 1.35 times as large as that of the base metal part because of the remained salt water on the weld toe. The coating thickness at the weld toe became thin by vertically painting on the transverse weld line. When the scribe line was installed at the thin painted weld toe under the transverse weld line, the paint blister area became 15% larger than that of the base metal part. The paint coating thickness at the weld toe in different weld line directions and paint orientations should be confirmed and ensured from the viewpoints of manufacturing and maintaining steel structures.     

任意厚度非加劲钢板剪力墙与防屈曲钢板剪力墙的通用拉杆模型

钢板剪力墙在墙板屈曲后仍具有一定的抗压能力,板厚越大,抗压能力越强,对结构整体性能的影响也越大,现有的简化模型尚不能很好地考虑该效应。为此,首先分析了计入压应力的钢板墙的受力状态,进而推导了考虑墙板抗压能力的钢板剪力墙的刚度、承载力和屈服位移的计算式,并据此提出了一种通用拉杆模型。该模型仅通过调整经典多拉杆模型中拉杆的截面积以及屈服强度便可有效考虑墙板抗压能力的影响,应用简便。分析表明,所提出的通用拉杆模型具有与壳单元模型相似的精度,广泛适用于各种几何条件下的非加劲钢板剪力墙以及防屈曲钢板剪力墙的弹塑性分析。此外,目前对钢板剪力墙薄厚程度的划分尚缺乏定量依据,文中根据墙板抗压作用大小的不同,将钢板剪力墙划分为薄、中厚、厚三类,并给出了统一的刚度、承载力和屈服位移计算式,可供工程设计参考。     

支承导轨焊接装置模型的模拟仿真分析

应用Pro/E软件进行三维模型模拟仿真,不仅验证了设计的合理性,还找到了支承装置的相对薄弱点,并在设计阶段通过对相对薄弱点的加强,提高了焊接装置的整体强度,使其整体稳定性显著提升,导轨支承装置的安全性能得到了有力保证。此方法适用于结构简单、工况单纯的工具工装,简单实用。     

煤泥水磁化改性及磁化-絮凝沉降研究

为研究磁化作用对煤泥颗粒同种表面电荷(ζ电位)及表面水化膜的影响,以磁场强度和磁化时间为变量对煤泥水进行磁化处理试验。采用自然沉降、絮凝沉降、混凝沉降和预磁化-絮凝沉降等方法对煤泥水进行沉降处理,分析沉降特性,揭示煤泥水磁化处理作用机理。结果表明,在0.15~0.25 T磁场下预磁化2~3 min时,煤泥颗粒的ζ电位由30.5 me V降至20.1 me V,煤泥颗粒的表面水化膜明显减薄。混凝沉降与预磁化-絮凝沉降的沉降速度、尾泥高度均明显优于单纯的絮凝沉降,而预磁化-絮凝沉降在沉降速度、上清液透光率、尾泥高度等方面又优于混凝沉降,尾泥高度减少25%,煤泥水透光率达到82.2%。     

管线探测内业图库一体化成图的应用研究

目前地下管线探测内业成图大多将图形数据与相关属性数据分别存储给作业带来一定的不便。图库一体化的作业方法利用CAD图形对象的扩展字典存储管线的属性数据,实现图库合一,无需额外的数据库关联文件,有效避免了CAD图形文件与数据库分离所带来的缺陷,可为作业人员提供一种所见即所得的作业机制。本文对管线探测内业图库一体化的作业的流程及实现方法进行了研究探讨。     

矿区环境保护的几点思考

矿区环境保护,要加强矿山环境保护的宣传教育;完善矿产资源补偿、矿区环境保护等方面的法规体系;采用绿色科技及土地生态恢复规划缩小环境影响;大力发展煤炭循环经济,改善矿区环境;狠抓节能减排,促进绿色发展;全面进行矿区环境治理,加强生态保护与建设.