Optical Nanoscale Pool‐on‐Surface Design for Control Sensing Recognition of Multiple Cations

General design of optical chemical nanosensors is needed to develop efficient sensing systems with high flexibility, and low capital cost for control recognition of toxic analytes. Here, we designed optical chemical nanosensors for simple, high‐speed detection of multiple toxic metal ions. The systematic design of the nanosensors was based on densely patterned chromophores with intrinsic mobility, namely, “building‐blocks” onto three‐dimensional (3D) nanoscale structures. The ability to precisely modify the nanoscale pore surfaces by using a broad range of chromophores that have different molecular sizes and characteristics enables detection of multiple toxic ions. A key feature of this building‐blocks design strategy is that the surface functionality and good adsorption characteristics of the fabricated nanosensor arrays enabled the development of “pool‐on‐surface” sensing systems in which high flux of the metal analytes across the probe molecules was achieved without significant kinetic hindrance. Such a sensing design enabled sensitive recognition of metal ions up to sub‐picomolar detection limits (～10^?11 mol dm^?3), for first time, with rapid response time within few seconds. Moreover, because these sensing pools exhibited long‐term stability, reversibility and selectivity in detecting most pollutant cations, for example, Cr(VI), Pb(II), Co(II), and Pd(II) ions, they are practical and inexpensive. The key result in our study is that the pool‐on‐surface design for optical nanosensors exhibited significant ion‐selective ability of these target ions from environmental samples and waste disposals.     

同步电机功角δ的控制方法

同步电机由于其自身的诸多优点，越来越多的被应用在工农业生产中，特别是高压大容量的同步电机传动，起到了发送工艺，节能降耗的效果，针对同步电机的特点，目前已经有很多种调整控制方法，像传统的LCI控制，磁场定向的矢量控制，定子电流磁场分量补偿法等等，本文针对同步电机突加负载时容易造成δ角震荡的缺点，提出了直接δ角控制方法，给出了两种δ控制方案和其计算仿真图形，仿真结果表明，控制效果达到了预期目标.     

Optimal supervisory control of finite state automata

This paper presents optimal supervisory control of dynamical systems that can be represented by deterministic finite state automaton (DFSA) models. The performance index for the optimal policy is obtained by combining a measure of the supervised plant language with (possible) penalty on disabling of controllable events. The signed real measure quantifies the behaviour of controlled sublanguages based on a state transition cost matrix and a characteristic vector as reported in earlier publications. Synthesis of the optimal control policy requires at most n iterations, where n is the number of states of the DFSA model generated from the unsupervised plant language. The computational complexity of the optimal control synthesis is polynomial in n. Syntheses of the control algorithms are illustrated with two application examples.     

乙烯装置低温泵的选型与操作问题探讨

乙烯装置中有一些输送低温介质的离心泵,由于输送的多为易燃易爆介质,且温度很低,容易气化,因此对于此类低温泵的选型及操作有更高的要求。文章介绍了乙烯装置中的低温泵选型和操作方面应注意的问题,为相关工程人员提供一定的参考。     

非规则V形表面织构化机械端面密封性能研究

针对一种新型非规则V形表面织构化机械密封端面,建立了界面液膜的润滑模型,采用有限单元方法求解雷诺方程,研究了表面织构开孔面积比、深度比、特征数和密封介质压力对端面密封的承载力、泄漏率、摩擦因数和液膜刚度等密封性能参数的影响规律,并对经典三角形织构和圆形织构化端面密封进行了对比分析。结果表明：端面新型非规则V形织构具有收集和汇聚液膜的作用,增强了动压效应;织构开孔面积比、深度比、特征数和密封介质压力的变化对V形与三角形表面织构的密封性能影响较大,而对圆形织构表面的密封性能影响不明显;在研究几何和工况参数范围内,这种新型V形表面织构的机械密封性能相对较优,其承载力、摩擦因数与液膜刚度均略优于三角形织构,远优于圆形织构,研究结果可为织构化端面密封的设计开发提供支持。     

会计资料失真及其法律责任探析

会计资料是资料使用评价财务状况、做出投资决策、改善经营管理、防范经营风险的主要依据。会计资料失真影响国家经济运行安全、造成会计行业信用危机、滋生与助长社会腐败现象。因此，如何规范会计行为，防范会计资料失真，维护正常的市场秩序，一直是众所关注的焦点。为此，笔将从会计资料失真的表现、原因、危害、法律责任和对策等角度对会计失真问题进行探析，以期能帮助人们深化认识和提高会计资料质量。     

Preparation and enhanced daylight-induced photo-catalytic activity of transparent C-Doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films

The transparent C-doped TiO₂ nanostructure films were fabricated on the silicate glass substrates by sol-gel spin-coated method. The as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible absorption spectra (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the photo-catalytic oxidation of methylene blue in aqueous under daylight irradiation at room temperature. The results show that the daylight-induced photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared films are improved by the C-doping. The calcination temperatures significantly affect the morphology, microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples. At 723 K, the C-doped TiO₂ films exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity due to the synergetic effects of good crystallization, appropriate oxygen vacancies and strong absorption in the near UV and visible-light region.     

Application of polymerizable surfactant in the preparation of polystyrene/nano-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> composite

Monooctadecyl maleate, as a polymerizable surfactant, was synthesized by the mono-esterification of maleic anhydride and octadecanol, and was utilized to surface-modify nano-Fe₃O₄ particles. A polymerizable magnetic fluid was obtained by directly dispersing modified nano-Fe₃O₄ particles into styrene monomer, and the polystyrene/nano-Fe₃O₄ composite was prepared through free radical polymerization of polymerizable magnetic fluid. The structure and dispersion status in different dispersion phases of modified nano-Fe₃O₄ particles were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The experimental results show that the nano-Fe₃O₄ particles modified by monooctadecyl maleate with the size of about 7–10 nm can be uniformly dispersed into styrene and fixed in the composite during the procedure of polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) indicate that the thermal stability of polystyrene/nano-Fe₃O₄ composite is improved compared to that of pure polystyrene, and the composite is a sort of superparamagnetic materials.     

小清河感潮段水质模型的建立及其在水质预测中的应用

本文建立了小清河感潮段的一维河口有限段水质模型，并运用该水质模型预测了拟建的东营乙烯工程对小清河感潮段的水质影响，所获得的预测结论为有关部门确定东营乙烯工程废水的排放去向提供了理论依据。