MC180295 Inhibited Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma Cell Growth by Suppressing DNA Repair and the Cell Cycle

DNA methylation of both viral and host DNA is one of the major mechanisms involved in the development of Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC); thus, epigenetic treatment using demethylating agents would seem to be promising. We have verified the effect of {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295, which was discovered by screening for demethylating agents. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 inhibited cell growth of the EBVaGC cell lines YCCEL1 and SNU719 in a dose-dependent manner. In a cell cycle analysis, growth arrest and apoptosis were observed in both YCCEL1 and SNU719 cells treated with {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295. MKN28 cells infected with EBV were sensitive to {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 and showed more significant inhibition of cell growth compared to controls without EBV infection. Serial analysis of gene expression analysis showed the expression of genes belonging to the role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response and cell cycle control chromosomal replication to be significantly reduced after {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 treatment. We confirmed with quantitative PCR that the expression levels of BRCA2, FANCM, RAD51, TOP2A, and CDC45 were significantly decreased by {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295. LMP1 and BZLF1 are EBV genes with expression that is epigenetically regulated, and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 could up-regulate their expression. In conclusion, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 inhibited the growth of EBVaGC cells by suppressing DNA repair and the cell cycle.     

Response Threshold Models for Binary Ranking and Sorting

The present paper provides two response models: one for binary ranking and the other for sorting. The former is a behavior of choosing, in a random order, only those comparison stimuli which are judged to be very similar to a standard stimulus, and the latter is that of selecting stimuli which are judged very similar to each other to form them into clusters. The key assumption of these models is that the subject perceives any two stimuli as very similar to each other when their dissimilarity, which varies over time, is below response thresholds that are associated with those stimuli. Maximum likelihood estimation procedures are used for the estimation of parameters of these models. The proposed models are applied, for illustrative purposes, to the similarity data collected by the binary ranking and sorting methods. We discuss some advantages of the binary ranking method to be used for collecting similarity data and a practical limitation of our response model for sorting.

     

Multiple cracking of a coating layer and its influence on fibre strength

Multiple cracking of a coating layer and its influence on the tensile strength of the coated fibre in the case of strong interfacial bonding were simulated by means of a Monte Carlo method. Within the range where the coating layer was weak, it was found that the weaker the coating layer, the larger became the number of cracks and consequently the smaller became the crack spacing, resulting in higher strength of the fibre. When the strength of the layer was high, however, the crack spacing became large, resulting in a low strength of the fibre comparable to the strength for the case of single cracking. The strength value of the fibre calculated for average crack spacing gave an upper bound, and that calculated for single cracking a lower bound, for the actual fibre strength.     

A simple facility to measure the scalar neutron spectrum in an assembly

An inexpensive, simple and safe facility was constructed to measure the neutron spectrum in an assembly, by setting a neutron source outside the assembly. A normalization technique for the neutron spectrum and error analyses are mentioned. The error of the calculated spectrometer efficiency is cancelled at the final spectrum normalization. The error caused by the present method is within acceptable levels.     

Inhibitory effect of nicotinamide to paraquat toxicity and the reaction site on complex I

The inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of nicotinamide to paraquat toxicity were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Proteins of submitochondrial particles (SMP), especially of mol. wt. 25-30 kDa, in rat lungs were destroyed by paraquat radicals, and aggregated protein bands approximately 100 kDa were observed by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The competitive inhibition effects were observed of nicotinamide on NADH oxidation by paraquat via SMP in rat lungs and the Ki was 9.3 mM. The inhibitory effects of nicotinamide on lipid peroxidation by paraquat with rat lung and liver SMP were verified. The times of occurrence of dyspnea and death in rats after paraquat exposure were delayed by nicotinamide administration. The activity of NADH: ubiquinone reaction of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in rat lung was reduced 24 h after paraquat exposure, and was protected by nicotinamide. The activity of NADH:ferricyanide reaction of complex I was, however, reduced by administration not only of paraquat but also nicotinamide. These results imply that nicotinamide is inhibitory to paraquat toxicity. Nicotinamide, paraquat, and ferricyanide may react at overlapping sites on complex I.     

Status of ion sources at National Institute of Radiological Sciences

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) maintains various ion accelerators in order to study the effects of radiation of the human body and medical uses of radiation. Two electrostatic tandem accelerators and three cyclotrons delivered by commercial companies have offered various life science tools; these include proton-induced x-ray emission analysis (PIXE), micro beam irradiation, neutron exposure, and radioisotope tracers and probes. A duoplasmatron, a multicusp ion source, a penning ion source (PIG), and an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) are in operation for these purposes. The Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) is an accelerator complex for heavy-ion radiotherapy, fully developed by NIRS. HIMAC is utilized not only for daily treatment with the carbon beam but also for fundamental experiments. Several ECRISs and a PIG at HIMAC satisfy various research and clinical requirements.     

Characterization of light extraction efficiency for WOLEDS with light‐out‐coupling layer

We studied the light extraction efficiencies of white organic light‐emitting diodes with a light‐out‐coupling layer by simulations and experiments. The light extraction efficiencies estimated by the simulation were confirmed to agree well with those measured by the experiments. Moreover, we successfully obtained the high light extraction efficiency (η_OC) of 69%.