Measurement of the coating thickness on the back side of double-sided coated structures by means of acoustic resonant spectroscopy

This paper describes a technique for measuring the thickness of the back side coating of a double-sided coated structure using acoustic resonance. The technique is used to observe the resonant frequency of high frequency ultrasound for a steel/coating/air structure. The resonant frequency of the transmitted ultrasound occurs when a quarter wavelength corresponds to the thickness of the back side coating, and the reflection coefficient has a minimum value. The top surfaces of the samples are covered with a coating about 30 μm thick and the thickness of the back side coating is in the range of 10.3-17.5 μm. The resonant frequencies for the examined samples are observed in the frequency range of 46.8-75.6 MHz, and the thickness of the back side coating can be accurately determined from the measured resonant frequency. Note that the coating on the top surface of the structure does not affect the thickness measurement accuracy of the back side coating.     

Stabilization of femtosecond mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser forhigh-accuracy pulse interferometry

We propose a method of long-term stabilization of the repetition rate and the spectral envelope in a femtosecond mode-locked (fs-ML) laser pulse by a simple control method without modifying the laser cavity configuration. The effectiveness of the repetition-rate-stabilized fs-ML laser was evaluated in a long-optical-path (LOP) pulse interferometer with a short reference arm. The resulting accuracy in the LOP pulse interferometer was improved to one-seventh that of a free-running fs-ML laser. Moreover, the stabilization of the spectral envelope was estimated to suppress the fluctuation in the phase and group indices of an object under testing by 1/50, which can increase the measurement accuracy in pulse interferometry. The simple and practical stabilization method provides a means to increase the application of pulse interferometry using the fs-ML laser     

Effect of light intensity and frequency of flashing light from blue light emitting diodes on astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis

Flashing light from blue light emitting diodes is an effective method for the reduction of energy consumption in the bioproduction of astaxanthin by Haematococcus pluvialis. We investigated the effects of light intensity and frequency on the final astaxanthin concentration in bioproduction by H. pluvialis grown mixotrophically. The final astaxanthin concentration under illumination with flashing light, with frequencies ranging from 25 to 200 Hz, was dependent on the light intensity and on the duty cycle and was equivalent, or higher, in comparison with that under illumination with continuous light at the same incident intensity. The light intensity determined the maximum attainable concentration of astaxanthin under continuous illumination. Under illumination with flashing light, the ratio of the final astaxanthin concentration to the maximum concentration at a specific light intensity was correlated to the duty cycle in the frequency range from 25 to 200 Hz. The effect of lower frequencies on enhanced astaxanthin production under flashing light was also studied; at levels as low as 1 Hz, higher final astaxanthin concentrations were observed under flashing light compared to concentrations attained under continuous light.     

Changes in blood polyamine levels following chemotherapy in patients with invasive urinary bladder carcinoma

1. A range of bone structural and strength characteristics was determined in laying hens at 15, 25, 50 and 70 weeks of age. The birds were fed up to 25 weeks on diets supplemented with additional vitamin K (10 mg menadione/kg) or ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg) or up to 70 weeks on diets containing limestone in powder or particulate form. 2. There were important effects of age on all bone characteristics. Between 15 and 25 weeks there was a rapid loss of cancellous bone and a rapid accumulation of medullary bone in the proximal tarsometatarsus (PTM). These changes continued at a slower rate up to 70 weeks. Cancellous bone content of the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) also declined after 15 weeks. 3. Breaking strengths of tibia and humerus did not change between 15 and 25 weeks but decreased later in lay. 4. None of the nutritional treatments affected bone characteristics at 15 weeks of age. 5. Increasing the dietary vitamin K supplement from 2 to 12 mg menadione/kg increased cancellous bone volume in the PTM at 25 weeks. 6. Dietary ascorbic acid did not affect any of the bone characteristics measured up to 25 weeks. 7. Particulate limestone resulted in a smaller loss of cancellous bone between 15 and 25 weeks and increased accumulation of medullary bone in the PTM. Breaking strength of the tibia and radiographic densities of tibia and keel were also improved. 8. It is concluded that patterns of bone loss over the lifetime of laying hens vary, depending upon the bone type. Feeding a particulate source of calcium can help to alleviate some of the characteristics of osteoporosis. Supplementation with extra vitamin K may also be beneficial.     

Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether gender differences exist in the forebrain cerebral activation patterns of the brain during pain perception. Accordingly, positron emission tomography (PET) with intravenous injection of H2(15)O was used to detect increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal right-handed male and female subjects as they discriminated differences in the intensity of innocuous and noxious heat stimuli applied to the left forearm. Each subject was instructed in magnitude estimation based on a scale for which 0 indicated 'no heat sensation'; 7, 'just barely painful' and 10, 'just barely tolerable'. Thermal stimuli were 40 degrees C or 50 degrees C heat, applied with a thermode as repetitive 5-s contacts to the volar forearm. Both male and female subjects rated the 40 degrees C stimuli as warm but not painful and the 50 degrees C stimuli as painful but females rated the 50 degrees C stimuli as significantly more intense than did the males (P=0.0052). Both genders showed a bilateral activation of premotor cortex in addition to the activation of a number of contralateral structures, including the posterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellar vermis, during heat pain. However, females had significantly greater activation of the contralateral prefrontal cortex when compared to the males by direct image subtraction. Volume of interest comparison (t-statistic) also suggested greater activation of the contralateral insula and thalamus in the females (P < 0.05). These pain-related differences in brain activation may be attributed to gender, perceived pain intensity, or to both factors.     

Characterization of light extraction efficiency for WOLEDS with light‐out‐coupling layer

We studied the light extraction efficiencies of white organic light‐emitting diodes with a light‐out‐coupling layer by simulations and experiments. The light extraction efficiencies estimated by the simulation were confirmed to agree well with those measured by the experiments. Moreover, we successfully obtained the high light extraction efficiency (η_OC) of 69%.     

13.3‐inch 8k4k 664‐ppi foldable OLED display using crystalline oxide semiconductor FETs

A prototype 13.3‐inch 8k4k 664‐ppi high‐resolution foldable organic light emitting diode display is constructed. C‐axis aligned a‐b‐plane‐anchored crystal In–Ga–Zn oxide field effect transistors designed using a 1.5‐µm rule process are used in the backplane. Each pixel circuit has three transistors and one capacitor, and an external circuit is used to correct pixel current.     

Reaction mechanism of coal hydrogenation: 2. Three rings solvent system

Taiheiyo coal was hydrogenated in phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydrophenanthrene and perhydrophenanthrene under 10 MPa (initial pressure) of hydrogen or nitrogen with or without stabilized nickel as catalyst at 400 °C for 15 min. Preasphaltene, asphaltene and oil conversions and the conversion of solvents were measured, and the amounts of hydrogen absorbed by coal from molecular hydrogen and from donor solvent were calculated. The main route of reaction appears to be the direct hydrogenation of coal by molecular hydrogen and the contribution of hydrogenation via the solvent was greater than in the case of the two rings solvent system.     

Sex Pheromone of the Persimmon Fruit Moth, Stathmopoda masinissa: Identification and Laboratory Bioassay of (4E, 6Z)-4,6-Hexadecadien-1-ol Derivatives

Three electroantennogram (EAG)-active components were detected by gas chromatography coupled to an electroantennographic detector (GC–EAD) analysis of a hexane extract of the pheromone glands of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa. These compounds were identified as (4E,6Z)-4,6-hexadecadienal (E4,Z6-16:Ald) and the corresponding acetate (E4,Z6-16: OAc) and alcohol (E4,Z6-16:OH) by mass spectral, GC retention time (RT), and microchemical test data. The characteristic base peak of the aldehyde at m/z 84 provided a crucial piece of information suggesting the possibility of a 4,6-diene structure. The (4E,6Z)-isomer elicited the strongest EAG responses among the four geometrical isomers of each synthetic 4,6-hexadecadienyl compound. In a laboratory bioassay, only E4,Z6-16:OAc elicited male moth behavioral activity significantly different from the control; the activity of the acetate was not affected by addition of the aldehyde and alcohol. A preliminary field trial confirmed that E4,Z6-16:OAc as a single component attracted male moths. The possible roles of E4,Z6-16:Ald and E4,Z6-16:OH as components of lures for field use remain to be determined.