Large-area uniform dust-free plasma CVD

In the weak magnetic field perpendicular to the discharge electric field, both the electrons and positive ions are transported in the direction of E×B drift by the space charge electric field produced by the preceded electrons. As a result, radicals are generated uniformly outside of discharge space between the electrodes in the direction of E×B drift. On the other hand, negatively charged heavy particles such as dust particles can be removed from discharge space in the direction opposite to E×B drift of plasmas. The authors have studied the transport mechanisms of magnetized dusty plasmas and its applications for the large-area uniform a-Si:H thin film deposition in plasma CVD methods. This paper reviews the transport phenomena and the transport mechanisms of dust particles and the results of film preparation under particle-free process conditions.     

Sulfidation Properties of Ni–20Cr and Ni–13.5Co–20Cr Alloys at 873 K under Low Sulfur Pressures in H2S-H2 Atmospheres

The sulfidation properties of Ni–20Cr and Ni–13.5Co–20Cralloys as well as a nickel-base superalloy AISI685 were investigated at873 K in H₂S–H₂ gas mixtures with sulfur partial pressures of10^–4, 10^–5.5, and 10^–7Pa by mass-gain measurements,electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis. Sulfidation obeyed the parabolic rate law, and the parabolic rateconstants decreased in the order Ni–20Cr, Ni–13.5Co–20Cr,and AISI685 at each sulfur pressure. With decreasing sulfur pressure, therate constants first decreased slowly and then rapidly at a 10–7 Pasulfur pressure. At both 10^–4 and 10^–5.5 Pa sulfur pressures,Ni–20Cr formed a surface scale with a duplex structure of inner(Cr₃S₄) and outer (Ni₃S₂) layers, while Ni–13.5Co–20Cr formeda triplex structure of inner (Cr₃S₄), intermediate(Ni,Co)Cr₂S₄, and outer[Ni₃S₂+(Co,Ni)₉S₈] layers. Thesurface scale formed on AISI685 was verycomplex, comprising at least four layers, a fibrous (Co,Ni)₉S₈ top surface,outer [Ni₃S₂+(Co,Ni)₉S₈], and intermediate [(Cr,Ti)₃S₄] layers, as well asan inner layer containing Cr, Ti, Mo, Al, and S. At the 10^–7 Pa sulfurpressure, which is lower than the dissociation pressure of Ni₃S₂, bothNi–20Cr and Ni–13.5Co–20Cr formed a surface scale ofCr₃S₄ covered by a thin NiCr₂S₄ layer, accompanied by copious internalsulfidation of Cr₃S₄ and/or CrS. On AISI685 there was a surface scale of(Cr,Ti)₃S₄ accompanied by the usual internal sulfidation. It is discussedthat diffusion of cations in the inner Cr₃S₄ layer is the rate-determiningstep for the growth of the multilayer structures. At the 10^–7 Pasulfur pressure, diffusion of Cr and S contribute to form a thin surfacescale and internal sulfidation, respectively.     

Double-action bending for eliminating springback in hat-shaped bending of advanced high-strength steel sheet

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology - This paper presents a novel technology called ‘double-action bending (DAB)’ to eliminate springback in hat-shape forming...     

基于媒体独立切换并提供QoS保证的跨UMTS和WiMAX无线异构网络的网络切换方案

The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiMAX, WiFi and UMTS/LTE networks have shown great potential in dominating the wireless access markets. The existence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide anywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia applications with rigid Quality of Services (QoS) requirements. The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) working group was formed to develop a set of mechanisms under a standard framework with the capability to support migration of mobile users across heterogeneous networks. Therefore, the implementation of handover is extremely important in the heterogeneous network environment. In order to guarantee various QoS requirements during handover execution especially in multimedia applications, in this paper we propose a novel MIH-based capacity estimation algorithm to execute handover with QoS provision supporting both horizontal and vertical handovers across UMTS and WiMAX networks. Simulation shows that the proposed mechanism achieves lower call dropping rate (highest approximate 3% ) and higher system throughput (average 92% ) than the basic handover method does.     

Manipulation of micro solid particles and induced flows in water by laser irradiation

Q-switch for pulsing laser beam and Galvano scanner for rapid scanning laser beam were adapted to manipulatemicro solid particles in a water droplet.The trapping of fine particles at micron-sized diameters by a YAG lasersystem,induced flows,and the induced motion of the particles by laser beam irradiations are discussed.Particlerotations are observed by using anisotropic micro objects,and moreover the rotational rate with clockwise direc-tion is 22 r/min.The fragments of a cover glass were mixed in a water droplet,and their size and shape are un-even.The rotation of that non-spheres without scanning by the Galvano scanner is also observed in water.     

A Low-Loss Built-In Current Sensor

This paper presents a novel built-in current sensor that uses two additional power supply voltages besides the system power supply voltage, and that is constructed by using a current mirror circuit to pick up an abnormal IDDQ. It is activated only by an abnormal quiescent power supply current and minimizes the voltage drop at the terminal of the circuit under test. Simulation results showed that it could detect 16-A IDDQ against 0.03-V voltage drop at 3.3-V VDD and that it reduced performance degradation in the circuit under test. It is therefore suitable for testing low-voltage integrated circuits. Moreover, we verified the behavior of the sensor circuit implemented on the board by using discrete devices. Experimental results showed that the real circuit of the sensor functioned properly.     

A Technique to Eliminate Redundant Inter-Processor Communication on Parallelizing Compiler TINPAR

Optimizing inter-processor (PE) communication is crucial for parallelizing compilers for message-passing parallel machines to achieve high performance. In this paper, we propose a technique to eliminate redundant inter-PE messages. This technique utilizes data-flow analysis to find a definition point that corresponds to a use point where the definition and the use occur in different PEs. If several read accesses occurred in the same PE use the data defined at the same definition point in another PE, redundant inter-PE messages are eliminated as follows: only one inter-PE communication is performed for the earliest read access and the previously received data are used for the following read. In order to guarantee the consistency of the data, a valid flag and a sent flag are provided for each chunk of received data. The control of these flags is equivalent to the coherence control by the self invalidation on a compiler aided cache coherence scheme.     

Damage evolution behavior of CFRP laminates under post-impact fatigue with water absorption environment

In this study, the damage evolution behavior was evaluated considering the effect of the textile structure and water absorption. Damage observation was conducted by the integration of non-destructive and direct observation methods. Candidate textile reinforcements were T300-3k plain woven fabric (PW) and T700S-12k multi-axial knitted fabric (MA). The effect of water absorption on the performances of compression after impact (CAI) and PIF were small in PW CFRP laminates. Conversely, PIF properties of water-absorbed MA CFRP laminates drastically decreased than that of dry ones. CAI strength was not affected by water absorption. PIF performance of dry MA CFRP was fairly higher than that of the others. From the precise observation, some evidences of interfacial deterioration caused by water absorption were confirmed in both PW and MA CFRP laminates.     

A versatile planar QCM-based sensor design for nonlabeling biomolecule detection

Despite high theoretical sensitivity, low-cost manufacture, and compactness potentially amenable to lab-on-a-chip use, practical hurdles have stymied the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for aqueous applications such as detection of biomolecular interactions. The chief difficulty lies in achieving a sufficiently stable resonance signal in the presence of even minute fluctuations in hydrostatic pressure. In this work, we present a novel versatile planar sensor chip design (QCM chip) for a microliter-scale on-line biosensor. By sealing the quartz resonator along its edges to a flat, solid support, we provide uniform support for the crystal face not exposed to solvent, greatly decreasing deformation of the crystal resonator under hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, this cassette design obviates the need for direct handling when exchanging the delicate quartz crystal in the flow cell. A prototype 27-MHz sensor signal exhibited very low noise over a range of flow rates up to 100 microL/min. In contrast, signals obtained from a conventional QCM sensor employing an O-ring-based holder were less stable and deteriorated even further with increasing flow rate. Additional control designs with intermediate amounts of unsupported undersurface yielded intermediate levels of stability, consistent with the interpretation that deformation of the crystal resonator under fluctuating hydraulic pressure is the chief source of noise. As a practical demonstration of the design's high effective sensitivity, we readily detected interaction between myoglobin and surface-bound antibody.