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11.
Christian Thaulow Øyvind Ranestad Mons Hauge Zhiliang Zhang Masao Toyoda Fumiyoshi Minami 《Engineering Fracture Mechanics》1997,57(6):637-651
This paper investigates the stress fields for a crack located at the fusion line of a weldment. The strength mis-matching and the size of the HAZ were varied, and the corresponding distribution of the maximum principal stress was examined. The weld metal strength was globally overmatched with respect to the base material, but locally over- and undermatched with respect to the heat affected zone. Three cases of mis-match were compared, and it was found that reducing the strength of the HAZ lowered the maximum principal stresses. 相似文献
12.
Akihiro Yamada Kuniko Kojima Koji Minami Hiroaki Sugiura Hiroshi Kida Kenji Samejima 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2012,20(7):390-396
Stationary projectors mainly used in system applications have recently gained a wider application range, including general presentations in halls and large conference rooms and being used, for example, in digital signage and for monitoring purposes. Consequently, they are required to meet new market demands for durability, reliability, and flexibility in installation in addition to their conventional basic performance such as especially high brightness. To achieve especially high brightness, a new optical system with two lamps is proposed; the profile of the cover glass that prevents the glass from scattering is made aspherical, the profile of the beam‐combining mirror is improved with its position optimized, and the size of the incident plane of the integrator rod is made larger (1.1 times). These measures resulted in an optical system of an even higher efficiency with 7000 lm, which is the highest in its class (according to a June 2010 investigation). Also, the arrangement of two parallel lamps completely eliminated the effect of heat passing from one lamp to the other, which helped secure durability, reliability, and flexibility in installation. Furthermore, the combined use of the unique non‐telecentric optical system, adopted from the conventional single‐lamp model, helps maintain the class‐highest contrast ratio.1,2 相似文献
13.
F. Minami A. Brückner-Foit D. Munz B. Trolldenier 《International Journal of Fracture》1992,54(3):197-210
The local approach was recently proposed by Beremin and Mudry for evaluating the statistical behaviour of toughness results of materials. This approach introduces a stress parameter
w
, termed the Weibull stress, as a measure of the fracture resistance of materials instead of the conventional toughness parameters such as K
c,
c
and J
cl (critical stress intensity factor, CTOD and J-integral, respectively). The Weibull stress
w
obeys the Weibull distribution with the two parameters m and
u
(the shape and the scale parameter, respectively). The first parameter m is normally estimated to be 22 irrespective of the kind of material. In this paper a procedure for the determination of the Weibull parameters m and
u
is developed. This procedure consists of the determination of the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip, from which cleavage fracture originates, and of the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters m and
u
based on the stress distribution in the plastic zone. Calculations using this procedure confirm that the distribution of the Weibull stress
w
is a material property independent of specimen thickness, and in particular that the shape parameter m depends on the material, e.g. m12 for a German reactor pressure vessel steel (20 Mn Mo Ni 5 5). Using these parameters for the distribution of the Weibull stress the size effect in fracture toughness values is predicted and an improved agreement between theory and experiments is obtained compared to the Weakest Link model. 相似文献
14.
Masahiro Tatsumisago Tsutomu Minami Masami Tanaka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1981,64(7):97-C-
A new technique combining a thermal-image furnace and a twin roller is described for quenching the melt to form glass. The technique was applied to the simple system Li2 O-SiO2 , since its fundamental parameters in the estimation of critical cooling rate are available. Glass flakes were obtained in the composition Li4 SiO4 , for which a very large critical cooling rate (∼109 K·s−1 ) was needed for glass formation. 相似文献
15.
T. Watanabe P. Chairoj H. Tsuruta W. Masarngsan C. Wongwiwatchai S. Wonprasaid W. Cholitkul K. Minami 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2000,57(1):55-65
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from fertilized maize fields was measured using a closed chamber at four experimental sites in Thailand. The average measured N2O flux from unfertilized plots through crop season was 4.16 ± 1.52, 5.05 ± 1.65, 5.25 ± 1.68 and 6.74 ± 2.95 g N2O-N m-2 h-1, at Nakhon Sawan, Phra Phutthabat, Khon Kaen and Chiang Mai, respectively. Increased N2O emissions by the application of nitrogen fertilizer were 0.22–0.44, 0.19–0.38%, 0.12–0.24 and 0.08–0.15% of the applied N, respectively. Compared to other data, N2O emission rate to applied nitrogen was not significantly different between the data of Thailand and the Temperate Zone. 相似文献
16.
Tadashi Endo Naomichi Miyagawa Hirotsugu Takizawa Masahiko Shimada 《Journal of Materials Science》1994,29(9):2395-2400
Multiphase composites of yttria- and ceria-doped tetragonal zirconia agglomerates (10–50 m) dispersed into an alumina or alumina-zirconia matrix were sintered at 1500–1600 °C in air, followed by post-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) at 1450°C and 150 MPa in an Ar gas atmosphere. The relative density of the recovered composites was above 98% of the theoretical density. By chemically etching on the surface of zirconia agglomerates, the sinterability of composites was apparently improved; and no microcracks nor pores were observed at the interface of agglomerate and matrix. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, tetragonal and tetragonal-monoclinic zirconia agglomerates were highly dispersed into the alumina or alumina-zirconia matrix. The multiphase composites containing 10 vol% spherical agglomerates demonstrate the relatively low value of bending strength, < 400 MPa, and a high value of fracture toughness, > 11 MPa m1/2. The crack propagation introduced by Vickers indentation was efficiently suppressed and deflected by the agglomerates. 相似文献
17.
A polyimide-based process for the fabrication of vertical structures with high aspect ratio has been developed. O2 reactive ion etching (O2 RIE) has been employed in the polyimide processing. Achieved etching characteristics of the O2 RIE system are: 4.0 m/min etching rate, 15 aspect ratio, 75 m etching depth. Polyimide has excellent chemical and thermal properties which makes it a good building material for micromachines. Polyimide could be also used as molds for electroplating. Electroplated copper structures were formed in the polyimide molds and metal gears were fabricated by these fabrication technologies. New possibilities for micromachining were opened by the use of O2 RIE and electroplating.This work was supported by Japanese ministry of Education Science and Culture under a grant-in-Aid No. 03102001. 相似文献
18.
Koichi Hasegawa Hideki Nishimori Masahiro Tatsumisago Tsutomu Minami 《Journal of Materials Science》1998,33(4):1095-1098
Thick silica films were prepared by the electrophoretic sol–gel deposition technique in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) using monodispersed silica particles; the particles were prepared by the sol–gel method, pre-heat treated and then re-dispersed in the mixture of H2O and ethanol. The weight of deposited silica films was maximized when 0.2 mass % of PAA against the whole amount of sol was added. The particles constructing the thick silica films were packed densely when the amount of added PAA was less than 0.2 mass%. The weight of the film increased with decrease in the content of H2O in the sol when a fixed amount of PAA was added. After the heat treatment of deposited films at 800 °C, crack-free silica films of about 30 m thickness were prepared. © 1998 Chapman & Hall 相似文献
19.
Tajima K Orisaka M Yata H Goto K Hosokawa K Kotsuji F 《Microscopy research and technique》2006,69(6):450-458
We developed a culture system in which two types of ovarian follicular cells were allowed to attach to opposite sides of a collagen membrane. Using this in vitro cell culture system, we studied the effects of granulosa- and theca-cell interaction on the morphology, structure, and function of bovine ovarian follicular cells. In the first part of the study, we explored how the interaction between theca and granulosa cells affects the morphology and structure of the cells. This study was done using follicular cells collected from bovine ovarian follicles at the early developmental stage. Granulosa cells cultured alone were flattened, and formed a monolayer sheet. By contrast, granulosa cells cultured with theca cells were convex, and formed multilayer sheets. Theca cells cultured alone were thin, flat, and spindle-shaped. Theca cells cultured with granulosa cells were also spindle-shaped; however, they appeared convex and more densely packed when compared with theca cells cultured alone. In the second part of the study, the possible role of the cellular interaction in the control of differentiation and growth of granulosa and theca cells was investigated. When follicular cells were isolated from the early stage of follicular development, theca cells reduced progesterone and inhibin production by granulosa cells and augmented the growth of granulosa cells. When the cells were isolated from the late stage of follicular development, by contrast, theca cells augmented hormonal production by granulosa cells, and did not affect the growth of granulosa cells. The growth and androstenedione production by theca cells were increased by the presence of granulosa cells, irrespective of the origin of follicular cells. These results demonstrated that communication between two types of follicular cells results in reciprocal modulation of their morphology, structure, growth, and function. Cellular interactions seem to be one of the major factors controlling the differentiation and growth of the follicular cells during the follicular maturation process. In contrast to granulosa and theca cells cultured alone, cells in the coculture seemed to possess morphological and functional characteristics more similar to those of cells in the growing follicular wall in vivo. Thus, we speculate that the interaction between these two types of follicular cells is essential for the maintenance of original structure and function of the bovine follicular wall. 相似文献
20.
N. Umesaki M. Takahashi M. Tatsumisago T. Minami 《Journal of Materials Science》1993,28(13):3473-3481
Raman spectra of glasses in the Li2O-SiO2 system (41.3 Li2O 61.3 mol%), prepared by rapid quenching, were measured. The proportions of SiO4 units with 1–4 non-bridging oxygens per silicon (NBO/Si) and the fractions of bridging oxygen, non-bridging oxygen and free or full-active oxygen were determined for these glasses from quantitative analysis of the Raman spectra obtained. X-ray structural analysis of Li2O-SiO2 showed an increasing elongation of the average atomic distance of the Si-O pair with increase in Li2O content due to weakening of the Si-O bond. 相似文献