Model Transformer Evaluation of High-Permeability Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels

1. IntroductionThe demand for grain-oriented electrical steel asthe transformer core material having reduced iron losshajs been continuously growing for the general objective to achieve ever greater energy savings and globalenvironmental preservation. In line with this trend,efforts to reduce iron loss in steel sheets have been pursued both in hysteresis and eddy-current losses. Theformer has been improved mainly through metallurgical means such as achieving higher grain-orientationand reducin…     

Efficiency of Model Induction Motor Using Various Non-Oriented Electrical Steels

1. IntroductionThe total performance of inverter power supplieshas improved drastically as a result of the development of colltrol methods, higher performance in semiconductors, and higher speed, higher integration, andlower cost in integrated circuits, making it possible touse the inverter drive method in a wide range of rotating machinery which requires smaller size and/or variable speed drives. In line with these trends, magneticloss under nonsinusoidal waveform excitation, including lower …     

Morphological control of ZnO particles synthesized via a new and facile aqueous solution route

Zinc oxide with a diversity of well-defined morphologies was synthesized via a simple aqueous solution route by decomposing Zn_xO_y(OH)_z precursor at suitable reaction conditions. Flower-like ZnO composed of rods was obtained by treating Zn_xO_y(OH)_z precursor in the reaction solution at 90 °C for 6 h. The precipitate of layer-like Zn_xO_y(OH)_z precursor was decomposed by drying at 90 °C for 24 h in air, resulting in the formation of ZnO microtubes.     

Immunomagnetic flow cytometric detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in raw and dry milk

A rapid and sensitive method for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in raw and dry milk samples with the use of antibody-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in conjunction with flow cytometry (FCM) was developed. Sheep anti-SEB immunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on Dynabeads M-280. The SEB initially binds to the capturing antibody, which is bound on the magnetic beads. The rabbit anti-SEB IgG binds to the captured toxin and is further labeled with a Cy5-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody. The percentage of the beads that were fluorescent was measured by FCM. FCM was carried out for 1 min, and the data obtained were expressed as histograms for particle size (forward light scatter) and histograms for fluorescence intensity. A peak corresponding to the magnetic beads was clearly distinguished from a peak derived from contaminating particles in the sample solution. In the absence of SEB, about 10% of the beads emitted fluorescence. The percentage of fluorescent beads and the fluorescence intensity increased with increasing SEB concentrations. For this IMS-FCM assay, the lower limits of detection for SEB were estimated to be 0.01 and 0.25 ng/ml for buffer and milk samples, respectively.     

Volatile aroma components and antioxidant activities of the flavedo peel extract of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata)

The flavedo peel extracts of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) fruits were extracted using steam distillation (SD) or a cold-press (CP) system. Volatile aroma content and composition were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and each compound was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the extracts were monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.75-93.75%[709.32-809.05 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]) including limonene (43.08-45.13%[341.46-379.81 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), γ-terpinene (27.88-29.06%[219.90-245.86 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), and p-cymene (8.13-11.02%[61.47-97.22 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]). The extraction process used was determined to be a decisive factor that affects the composition of key citrus aroma components, as well as the antioxidant activities of the Shiikuwasha fruit. Antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were examined by assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. The cold-press extraction system may better retain the total phenolic content of the flavedo peel and display superior antioxidant activities, compared to the steam distillation extraction method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) is a type of small citrus fruit, and has been used as raw material for beverage and food additive productions in Japan. It had a unique aroma composition in which the limonene content of its peels is lower than that of other commonly known citrus peels. The present study detailed the volatile aroma composition, as well as antioxidant capabilities of Shiikuwasha peel extracts of different extraction methods, that are cold-press and steam distillation methods. The results of this study may provide a basis for selection of Shiikuwasha peel extracts in food industry for citrus flavor production.     

传统大豆发酵食品的生理功能

本文综述了我国传统大豆发酵食品的各种功能性成分，总结了其生物调节功能，并针对我国传统大豆发酵食品的研究开发提出了一些建议。     

Studies on analysis of terpene resin in imported chewing gums

We have developed an analytical method for terpene resins in chewing gum. The fraction including terpene resins was prepared by means of hexane extraction and two silica gel column chromatography treatments (hexane and ethyl acetate) from chewing gum. The terpene resin fraction was analyzed with LC/MS and IR. The terpene resins are mixtures of polymeric pinene and/or limonene, which have a monomer molecular weight of 136. The MS spectrum of the terpene resin peak on the LC/MS total ion chromatogram showed protonated molecular ion (M + H)+ peaks at intervals of m/z 136, characteristic of a complex mixture of polyterpenes. IR spectroscopy is a suitable technique to identify the terpene resin type, ie., pinene or limonene. When the method was applied to imported chewing gum sold in Japan, terpene resins were clearly detected.     

Development and Use of a Kinetical and Real-Time Monitoring System to Analyze the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus

In microbiological research, it is important to understand the time course of each step in a pathogen’s lifecycle and changes in the host cell environment induced by infection. This study is the first to develop a real-time monitoring system that kinetically detects luminescence reporter activity over time without sampling cells or culture supernatants for analyzing the virus replication. Subgenomic replicon experiments with hepatitis C virus (HCV) showed that transient translation and genome replication can be detected separately, with the first peak of translation observed at 3–4 h and replication beginning around 20 h after viral RNA introduction into cells. From the bioluminescence data set measured every 30 min (48 measurements per day), the initial rates of translation and replication were calculated, and their capacity levels were expressed as the sums of the measured signals in each process, which correspond to the areas on the kinetics graphs. The comparison of various HuH-7-derived cell lines showed that the bioluminescence profile differs among cell lines, suggesting that both translation and replication capacities potentially influence differences in HCV susceptibility. The effects of RNA mutations within the 5′ UTR of the replicon on viral translation and replication were further analyzed in the system developed, confirming that mutations to the miR-122 binding sites primarily reduce replication activity rather than translation. The newly developed real-time monitoring system should be applied to the studies of various viruses and contribute to the analysis of transitions and progression of each process of their life cycle.     

A new leaky NRD guide based on a grating structure

Analysis and experiment of a new leaky nrd guide based on a grating structure is described. Analysis employs a mode coupling procedure which yields highly accurate results while presenting the advantage of simplicity and ease of manipulation. Numerical values for the phase and leakage constants are presented and the role of each grating parameter is assessed. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data for different geometric and constitutive parameters and reasonable agreement between them is obtained.     

Ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes and future applications

Polymer electrolytes are solvent-free ion-conducting polymers and provide new and attractive materials in both polymer chemistry and electrochemistry. A proper understanding of ion dissociation and ion transport in such polymers is necessary for their application as solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices. Ionic conduction behaviour in polymer electrolytes is described here in relation to the characteristic properties. Of special interest is the ability of polymer electrolytes to include various kinds of electroactive molecules within them. The combination of this ability with their high ionic conductivity has enabled polymer electrolytes to be used as media for electrochemical syntheses and redox reactions.