This study aimed to prepare cisplatin-loaded PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles targeted with folic acid and evaluate their efficacy on liver cancer cell line PLC/PRF/5 (Alexander hepatoma cell line). Nanoparticles were prepared by reverse phase evaporation technique and characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide techniques. Nanoscale particles with appropriate drug encapsulation efficiency (13%) were prepared. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the superior potency of targeted cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles compared to the nontargeted counterpart with 23% more cytotoxicity. Findings of this study confirmed the potency of targeted PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles. 相似文献
Nitroxyl radicals are known to act as radical scavenging antioxidants. In the present study, a lipophilic nitroxyl radical,
cyclohexane-1-spiro-2′-(4′-oxyimidazolidine-1′-oxyl)-5′-spiro-1″-cyclohexane (nitroxyl radical I) was synthesized and its
antioxidant capacity was assessed in comparison with a hydrophilic nitroxyl radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (Tempol). Both nitroxyl radical I and Tempol inhibited methyl linoleate oxidation induced by free radicals, and the
efficacy increased with decreasing partial pressure of oxygen, the effect being more pronounced for nitroxyl radical I than
Tempol. Their hydroxylamines inhibited lipid peroxidation more effectively than their corresponding parent nitroxyl radicals.
In liposomal membranes, a synergistic effect was observed in the combination of nitroxyl radical I with ascorbic acid, whereas
only an additive effect was observed between Tempol and ascorbic acid. The present study suggests that nitroxyl radical I
and its hydroxylamine may act as potent antioxidants, especially in combination with ascorbic acid under hypoxic conditions. 相似文献
Numbers of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have increased rapidly worldwide. Plasma levels of full-length galectin-9 (FL-Gal9) and osteopontin (FL-OPN) as well as their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN, respectively), are representative inflammatory biomarkers. Here, we measured FL-Gal9, FL-OPN, Tr-Gal9, and Ud-OPN in 94 plasma samples obtained from 23 COVID-19-infected patients with mild clinical symptoms (CV), 25 COVID-19 patients associated with pneumonia (CP), and 14 patients with bacterial infection (ID). The four proteins were significantly elevated in the CP group when compared with healthy individuals. ROC analysis between the CV and CP groups showed that C-reactive protein had the highest ability to differentiate, followed by Tr-Gal9 and ferritin. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that Tr-Gal9 and Ud-OPN but not FL-Gal9 and FL-OPN, had a significant association with laboratory markers for lung function, inflammation, coagulopathy, and kidney function in CP patients. CP patients treated with tocilizumab had reduced levels of FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, and Ud-OPN. It was suggested that OPN is cleaved by interleukin-6-dependent proteases. These findings suggest that the cleaved forms of OPN and galectin-9 can be used to monitor the severity of pathological inflammation and the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab in CP patients. 相似文献
Osteopontin (OPN) mediates bone remodeling and tissue debridement. The OPN protein is cleaved, but it is unclear how full-length (FL)-OPN or its cleaved form perform their biological activities in target cells. We, therefore, performed the molecular characterization of OPN in exosomes (Exo). The Exo were isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The Exo were also isolated from PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The Exo were identified using the qNano multiple analyzer (diameter 59–315 nm) and western blotting with a CD9 antibody. LPS-stimulated cells produced more particles than non-stimulated cells. The presence of the FL or the cleaved form of OPN was confirmed using western blot analysis. A mixture of FL and cleaved OPN was also measured using an ELISA system (Ud-OPN) and their presence in the Exo was confirmed. Ud/FL ratios became low after LPS stimulation, indicating the enhanced encapsulation of FL-OPN in the Exo by LPS. These findings suggest that LPS stimulation of human macrophages facilitates the synthesis of FL-OPN, which is cleaved in cells or the Exo after release. These findings indicate that Exo is a suitable vehicle to transfer OPN to the target cells. 相似文献
The reproductive function of spinal cord injured males is not the primary concern of health professionals responsible for the management of these young adults. However, the fertility of these patients is threatened right from the first days after trauma, as indicated by abnormalities of the sperm count, reflecting the histological alterations observed on testicular biopsy. The factors predisposing to asthenoteratospermia, responsible for impaired fertility, are analysed and discussed. Urinary tract infection is the leading factor. This acute situation must be managed early, by preventing urinary tract infection and by obtaining a semen donation as soon as possible, after improvement of the general status. 相似文献
A study of the application of InGaAs/GaAs multiquantum wells for modulators using the electroabsorption ( Delta alpha ) and the electrofraction ( Delta n) effects is presented. The important parameters for these devices were measured directly in both waveguide and surface-normal configurations. The Delta n and Delta alpha spectra were shown to satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relations.<> 相似文献
With new architectures providing astonishing performance on many vision tasks, the interest in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has grown exponentially in the recent past. Such architectures, however, are not problem-free. For instance, one of the many issues is that they require a huge amount of labeled data and are not able to encode pose and deformation information. Capsule Networks (CapsNets) have been recently proposed as a solution to the issues related to CNNs. CapsNet achieved interesting results in images recognition by addressing pose and deformation encoding challenges. Despite their success, CapsNets are still an under-investigated architecture with respect to the more classical CNNs. Following the ideas of CapsNet, we propose to introduce Residual Capsule Network (ResNetCaps) and Dense Capsule Network (DenseNetCaps) to tackle the image recognition problem. With these two architectures, we expand the encoding phase of CapsNet by adding residual convolutional and densely connected convolutional blocks. In addition to this, we investigate the application of feature interaction methods between capsules to promote their cooperation while dealing with complex data. Experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach performs better than existing solutions.