Effect of freeze storage on the volatiles of butter

The changes in the volatile components of three butter samples were studied during freeze storage for 7.5 months. The amount of carbonyl increased and reached a maximum after 4.5 months of storage. Afterwards the carbonyl decreased. The lactons reached its maximum after storage of 3 month. The increase of the carbonyls caused by peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids was taken as indication for the deterioration of the butter samples during storage.     

Combining search and trust models in unstructured peer-to-peer networks

Effectiveness of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems highly depends on efficiency and scalability of their search algorithms. Moreover, managing trust is a key issue for wide acceptance of P2P computing. Surprisingly, the majority of the available trust systems ignore the underlying search algorithm and assume it is preexisting. We claim that combining search and trust systems yields significant performance gains in terms of network traffic and query success rate. In this paper, we propose a robust and efficient trust based search framework for unstructured P2P networks. Our framework maintains limited size routing indexes combining search and trust data to guide queries to most reputable nodes. By dynamically selecting reputable nodes as score managers, our scheme tracks the reputation of participating peers. In an alternative approach, we aggregate partial reputation values obtained from reverse query paths to introduce a low overhead method for estimating reputation scores of peers. Through P2P network simulation experiments, we find significant performance gains in using our framework.     

Attachment insecurity and perceptions of housework: Associations with marital well-being.

This exploratory study examines the interactive effects of attachment insecurity and perceptions of housework on 2 dimensions of marital well-being--satisfaction and perceptions of fairness. Participants were 148 married couples obtained from an area probability sample as part of a larger study. Multilevel modeling analyses with the couple as the unit of analysis showed that women who scored high and men who scored low on the dimension of attachment anxiety and reported that their spouses performed more routine housework (i.e., prepares meals) also reported being over-benefited. Women who scored high and men who scored low on the dimension of attachment avoidance and reported that their spouses performed more intermittent housework (i.e., yard work) reported greater marital satisfaction. These results highlight the role of attachment orientations in explaining why perceptions of housework may have more or less prominent effects on marital well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of Opuntia pulp as a clean label ingredient on techno-functional properties of meat-free burger

There is a universal increase from an animal-based diet towards healthy plant-based foods. Opuntia fruit pulp (OFP) as a pigment/hydrocolloid complex provides excellent functional properties. The aim of this study was the reformulation of the meat-free burgers by using OFP (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5%) as a stabilised natural pigment and analysing techno-functional characteristics of uncooked and cooked meat-free burgers. The OFP was a rich source of polyphenols (35.3 ± 2.07 mgGAE/g) and carbohydrates (68.22 ± 0.5%). All uncooked treated burgers exhibited higher water-holding capacity and redness as well as lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Results confirmed a higher cooking loss in the control sample (22.2 ± 0.63%) compared with the OFP-treated burger at 1.5 and 2.5% content. Incorporation of OFP as a great source of natural pigments and phenolic components had considerably influenced cooking yield, moisture retention, juiciness and oxidative stability of meat-free burgers. The lowest total colour difference value with resemble meat burger was observed in the treated burgers at the highest content of OFP. According to sensory evaluation, the overall acceptability of cooked burgers with 1.5% OFP was more satisfactory than other samples. Using this clean label ingredient provides a sustainable burger, which is beneficial to the public health, environment and animal welfare.     

Propagation of a Thermoelastic Wave in a Half-Space of a Homogeneous Isotropic Material Subjected to the Effect of Rotation and Initial Stress

The propagation of thermoelastic waves in a homogeneous, isotropic elastic semi-infinite space is subjected to rotation and initial stress, which is at temperature T₀ -initially, and whose boundary surface is subjected to heat source and load moving with finite velocity. Temperature and stress distribution occurring due to heating or cooling and have been determined using certain boundary conditions. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically in each case considered. Comparison is made with the results predicted by the theory of thermoelasticity in the absence of rotation and initial stress. The results indicate that the effect of the rotation and initial stress is very pronounced.     

Preparation of Curcumin Nanodispersions Using Subcritical Water – Screening of Different Emulsifiers

Nanodispersions can help to increase solubility and stability of bioactive components and food additives. Curcumin nanodispersions were prepared by a novel subcritical water method using eleven emulsifiers, namely, polyethylene glycol, Tween 20, Tween 80, casein, sodium caseinate, lecithin, guar gam, Arabic gum, inulin, β-cyclodextrin, and maltodextrin. Influences of the emulsifiers on the rheological, physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the nanodispersion were evaluated. Results revealed that the nanodispersion prepared with Tween 20 showed the smallest particle size and lowest polydispersity index values as well as the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Nanodispersions prepared with lecithin exhibited the highest zeta potential and lowest conductivity values.     

An improved approach to fuzzy clustering based on FCM algorithm and extended VIKOR method

Fuzzy C-means algorithm is a fuzzy partitional clustering algorithm. However, accuracy and easy to implement have converted this algorithm to the focus of research, and sensitivity to noisy data is an important and challenging issue in the algorithm, so that in recent years, many studies have been done to improve it. In this paper, a clustering algorithm named Fuzzy VIKOR C-means presented that by utilizing the extended VIKOR method based on targeted displacements in the centroids of the clusters seek to benefit from the flexibility property. Moreover, this algorithm also, considering Dunn’s index, means, and density measures as profit criteria, and DB index and the entropy measures as cost criteria, can reduce the sensitivity to noisy data and can enhance performance and quality of clusters. According to the simulation results and comparison with some recent well-known methods, this approach has an effective role in improving the assessment criteria.

     

Fatty Acids Profile and Chemical Composition of Egyptian Moringa oleifera Seed Oils

Moringa oleifera is grown all over the world as a crop for its nutritious pods, leaves and seeds. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oil percentage, density, iodine value, saponification value, acid value and fatty acid profile of Egyptian moringa Seed oils. Moringa seeds were irradiated using ⁶⁰Co at dose levels of 0.0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 kGy and oil was extracted from unirradiated and irradiated samples. Results showed that the oil percentage and density were almost unaffected. Irradiation reduced the iodine value, whereas the acid and saponification values were increased in all irradiated samples. The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially an omega‐9‐fatty acid (oleic) (up to 76.29 %) at a dose level of 15 kGy. Also at the same dose level, the dominant saturated acids were palmitic, stearic acid and arachidic (the three up to 12.66 %). GC–MS revealed the presence of different compounds (more than 50) in the moringa oil extract, among them alkaloids, terpenoids steroids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and polyphenolic compounds. Phenolic and falvonoid were significantly increased by increasing irradiation dose levels. Also, the antioxidant activity of irradiated seed oil increased by increasing the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Moringa oleifera could be grown by wide scale production as a potentially valuable crop. However, isolation of individual compounds and their biological activities needs to be covered in future to enhance its pharmacological importance and to open new avenues of research.