Attribution and the double bind in paradoxical interventions.

Tested the hypothesis that clear identification of an internal, nonvolitional agent of therapeutic change would enhance therapeutic change and the maintenance of change in response to paradoxical interventions (PIs) and explored the double-bind explanation of PIs. 29 depressed (as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) college students were assigned to 1 of 3 interview treatments containing PIs: A no-elaboration condition contained only PIs; a developmental-meaning condition contained an additional paragraph explicitly identifying a developmental agent of change; and a metacommunication condition contained an additional paragraph explicitly identifying the paradoxical nature and intent of the treatment. At follow-up, Ss completed a battery that included the BDI, a self-perception inventory, and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Results indicate that PIs that explicitly identified an internal, nonvolitional cause of change resulted in decreased external attribution of change but not greater therapeutic change. Explaining the double-bind aspects of PIs resulted in favorable client views of therapists but diminished the immediate therapeutic effects of the interventions. Results suggest that clients' perceptions of the qualities of their therapists and clients' attributions about the causes of their behaviors may not be causes of therapeutic change but simply additional dependent variables in the therapeutic process. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Brandt misunderstands: A reply.

Argues that L. W. Brandt's (see record 1975-24400-001) article which viewed psychology as consisting of 2 parts: psychologyA (the behavioral psychologies) and psychologyE (Gestalt, Freudian, and Piagetian psychologies), is based on misconceptions about behavioral psychology. Examples from behavior therapy are used to clarify what are perceived as the real issues in Brandt's criticisms. (French abstract) (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microprocessor-Based Universal Regulator Using Dual-Rate Sampling

Standard single-rate sampling self-tuning regulators may not be able to effectively control fast-acting systems if the minimum computation time required is larger than the largest sampling period permissible. A dual-rate sampling self-tuning regulator that overcomes this problem by allowing a data sampling rate to be chosen consistent with the system time constants and a control output interval based on the computation time is described in this paper. This algorithm is also very suitable for implementation using fixed word-length processors as the quantization problems are minimized. The algorithm has been implemented on a microprocessor. Implementation details with emphasis on data acquisition, interrupt controlled sampling, time sufficiency test and scaling, and experimental results are also given.     

Physical symptom reporting in Type A and Type B children.

The study examines the developmental origins of one coronary-prone component of the Type A pattern, the tendency to suppress attention to physical symptoms. The symptom-reporting behavior of 85 male and female children from 5 to 14 years of age was studied in both a laboratory and a clinical context along with associated illness behaviors. The results indicate that Type A children underreport a wide variety of symptoms and that this phenomenon is independent of sex and age. On some types of symptoms, Type A underreporting may increase with age. In addition, there is evidence that Type A children (boys in particular) miss less school following surgery. Interestingly, Type A children tend to be underrepresented in elective surgery populations. The apparent continuities in symptom reporting and illness behaviors among Type A children and coronary adults is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

REM sleep facilitation of adaptive waking behavior: A review of the literature.

Reviews the literature on REM sleep in regard to whether REM sleep prepares the S for subsequent learning or facilitates the retention of learning and/or the adaptation to prior stimulation. It is concluded that when studies are classified paradigmatically, E. M. Dewan's (1969) REM sleep metaprogramming hypothesis provides a useful conceptual scheme for interpreting the relevant literature. Suggested modifications to this hypothesis and anticipated future ones are discussed. (90 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of electrolyte concentration on the viscosity and voltammetry of supercritical solutions

The viscosity of a supercritical electrolyte solution is measured for the first time using a modified quartz crystal microbalance, and it is shown that ionic solvation leads to a significant structuring of the solvent and an appreciable increase in solution viscosity. Voltammetric investigations in the electrolyte solutions are used to confirm the magnitude of the viscosity changes, and these account for the appreciably lower than expected peak currents.     

Fire casualties and their relation to fire company response distance and demographic factors

Fatalities and injuries per structural fire in New York City have been compared by time of day, season, year, construction, region of the city, floor of origin, and occupancy. The relationship between response distance and fire casualties has also been studied.     

Effect of free monomer content on the drawing behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Cold drawing has been used to produce oriented samples of various molecular weight grades of poly(methyl methacrylate), all of which exhibited marked strain hardening characteristics over a range of drawing temperatures. The differences between the yield and drawing behavior of the grades did not correlate with molecular weight but could instead be attributed to the plasticizing effect of additional free monomer, generated by degradation during melt processing of the polymer.     

Measurement of extracellular fluid volume in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Angiosarcoma of the breast, a rare tumor with very poor prognosis and insidious early manifestations, frequently is far advanced when first detected clinically. The clinical and pathologic changes in two women with primary, unilateral angiosarcoma of the breast are reviewed and the results are compared with 46 cases already published in the literature. Both patients were middle aged with symptoms for approximately 6 months prior to operation. Both frozen section reports were benign and only called malignant on permanent section. Microscopically the tumors were composed of varying sized, tortuous, elongated vascular channels. The operation varied--a modified radical and a simple mastectomy--and both patients are free from disease 4 and 2 years following operation. It is considered that, in view of the proclivity of this tumor for hematogenous metastases, an axillary dissection may not be justified.