促进制造业可持续发展的创新服务模式-协同服务

传统制造业在急剧膨胀的生产能力和竞争日益激烈的环境中,产品供给处于饱和状态。提出了产品服务增值战略,为产品提供全生命周期创新式协同服务,从而增强企业的核心竞争力,实现企业的可持续发展。分析了传统工业服务模式向协同服务的转化过程,给出了信息技术支持下建立协同服务网络的关键支撑技术：复杂设备协同服务的组织形式、协同服务的识别与商业模型构建以及信息支撑技术,为协同服务的研究和建立打下了理论基础。随着制造技术、信息技术与网络技术的迅速发展,远程诊断技术应用越来越广泛,在全球范围内提供快速的专业协同服务已具备了技术基础和实现的可能性。     

支持复杂设备运行的全新服务模式——协同服务

由于复杂设备的高度集成和智能化,现有的工业服务模式已不能满足企业需求.在阐述复杂设备协同服务支持必要性的基础上,分析了协同服务与传统工业服务模式的差别,简要论述了建立协同服务支持的关键技术:复杂设备协同服务的组织形式、协同服务的识别与商业模型构建和设备控制与信息支撑技术,为协同服务支持的进一步研究打下了基础.     

Bauwerksschäden infolge des Erdbebens in Yogyakarta,Java, am 27. Mai 2006

Damage of buildings caused by the Yogyakarta, Java earthquake on May 27, 2006. In May 2006 an earthquake with a magnitude of M_w = 6.3 occurred in Java/Indonesia. Near the epicenter the horizontal ground accelerations were about 2.5–3.0 m/s². However, considerable vertical ground accelerations were also recorded. The paper describes the damage to masonry buildings, reinforced concrete structures and roof structures, found by the authors during a fact‐finding mission in August 2006. Some buildings have been completely demolished by the earthquake. Most of the types of damage observed confirm the importance of the rules generally accepted for earthquake resistant construction. However, in some cases the observed damage and subsequent numerical analysis of the corresponding structure indicate that under certain conditions the vertical ground acceleration component may significantly contribute to the structural loading due to the earthquake and should not be neglected.     

Spatial distribution of dental fluorosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from North Bohemia (Czech Republic) and its relationships with environmental factors

We assessed the spatial variation of fluoride load on the local ecosystem in the Czech part of the Ore Mountains region and its southern foothills - a heavily polluted part of Europe's "Black Triangle" region. Dental fluorosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) served as a biomarker of fluoride exposure and thus as an indicator of environmental pollution by fluoride. The mean dental lesion index of fluorosis (DLI) calculated from the analyzed mandibles of wild roe deer (>or=2 years of age) was assigned to the hunting ground from which the specimens originated and classified into one of the eight fluorosis categories. Environmental factors potentially related to dental fluorosis (atmospheric deposition of sulfur, concentration of fluoride in and pH of surface waters, geomorphologic features, bedrock and soil type, and vegetation cover), which were represented in the study by GIS layers, were examined to explain the distribution pattern and severity of fluorosis in the roe deer. The study revealed that 75.5% of 616 analyzed mandibles showed dental fluorosis to different extent, with individual DLIs ranging from 0 to 21. The spatial pattern of marked fluorosis on the Czech side continues that found in a previous study on the German side of the Ore Mountains. Together they create a landscape island around several thermal power plants in the region. General Linear Model (GLM) analyses revealed significant relationships between degree of forest damage, soil type, and atmospheric sulfur deposition from air pollution and dental fluorosis, expressed as mean DLI in the roe deer.     

Barriers towards integrated product development — Challenges from a holistic project management perspective

The basis for product development in many large industrial companies is a traditional project management method positing non-overlapping phases, independent activities, and a dedicated project team. Research findings indicate that the use of integrated product development methods increases performance compared to traditional methods in contexts of complex problem solving, which are disruptive and non-linear. Even though integrated product development has been the focus of a large number of research studies, these studies mostly focus on identifying success criteria and improving performance, while the requirements for implementing integrated product development remain under-researched. This study takes a more holistic project management perspective and identifies both the challenges and the requirements of successful implementation through an in-depth case study. It was found in a chosen case company that successful implementation requires awareness and skills of integrated product development in senior management, as well as a set of cross-organizational project governance structures.     

Issues in confocal microscopy for quantitative FRET analysis

Previously, we have carried out extensive quantitative analysis of F?rster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) data to show that polymeric IgA receptors and their ligands cluster in endocytic membranes in the process of sorting and trafficking in polarized cells. Here, we use a similar technique to assay the organization and distribution of another membrane-bound receptor: transferrin receptor (TFR) and its ligand, holo-transferrin (Tfn), while explaining the step-by-step measures to be taken for successful quantitative analysis of the FRET data. In particular, methodological issues in FRET quantitative imaging, such as spectral bleed-through and background correction, optimal selection of regions of interest, how to deal with outliers and pooling data and statistical analysis of FRET data, are addressed. Our results indicating a clustered organization of TFR-Tfn complexes fit the well-known homodimeric structure of TFR. These quantitative approaches can be adapted for other biological applications of FRET.     

Stable and metastable phase equilibria of the In-Se system

The In-Se phase diagram was redetermined using DTA, x-ray analysis, optical microscopy, TEM, and scanning electron microscopy. In₉Se₁₁ and In₅Se₇ are stable phases at stoichiometric composition and βIn₂Se₃ was observed at 59.6 at % Se. ΒIn₂Se₃ decomposes at 198 °C into γIn₂Se₃ and In₅Se₇. Alloy melts between 33 and 54 at.% Se exhibit a strong tendency for undercooling. Between 50 and 60 at. % Se, the InSe, In₆Se₇, or In₂Se₃ phases solidify directly from the undercooled melt, and the formation of In₅Se₇ and In₉Se₁₁ is suppressed while applying cooling rates between 2 to 10 K/min. The respective undercooled states and metastable phase equilibria are provided.     

Possible causes of a positive Haemoccult-II test in a population screening study for colorectal neoplasia

In the present paper, common disorders of the oral cavity and oropharynx are described with special emphasis on differential diagnostic aspects. The first part of this presentation covers different inflammatory diseases, mainly focusing on complications like peritonsillar, para- and retropharyngeal abscesses, and Ludwig's angina. These clinical entities can lead to further life-threatening complications, including deep neck infections and mediastinitis. The diagnostic value and necessity of modern imaging in these cases are emphasized. In the second part, the author reports on the incidence, etiology and clinical course of tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx with special regard to malignancies. Tumors in these areas have been increasing in number over the past decades mainly due to changes in alcohol and nicotine consumption in the developed countries. Diagnostic management includes a thorough clinical evaluation as well as modern imaging for tumor delineation and possible bone infiltration, depending on the site of the original tumor. In addition, therapeutic considerations are discussed, focusing on surgical tumor removal and soft tissue replacement using different pedicled flaps and free flaps. It is also emphasized that postoperative radiotherapy is mandatory in most malignant tumors in this area.     

Metallkundliche Untersuchungen am Grundwerkstoff und an Schweißverbindungen des 9%-Chromstahles X 10 CrMoVNb 9 1

Umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Ausweitung des Einsatzbereiches warmfester ferritischer Stähle mit 9 bis 12 % Cr auf 600 °C führten zur Entwicklung des Stahles X 10 CrMoVNb 9 1 (P 9 1 bzw. T 9 1 nach ASTM-A 335). Wegen der hohen Einsatztemperaturen treten unter Zeitstandbeanspruchung Gefügeänderungen auf, die am Grundwerkstoff und an Schweißverbindungen metallkundlich untersucht wurden. Im üblichen Lieferzustand weist der Stahl T 9 1 ein Gefüge aus angelassenem Martensit mit Ausscheidungen von Chromcarbiden M₂₃C₆ auf den Grenzen der Martensitlatten und feinen, sowohl kohärenten wie inkohärenten Niob-Vanadin-Carbonitriden vom Typ MX im Korn auf. Unter Zeitstandbeanspruchung scheidet sich weiteres M₂₃C₆ und MX sowie zusätzlich die Laves-Phase aus. Die kohärenten MX-Ausscheidungen beginnen zu überaltern. Erholung und Rekristallisation werden beschleunigt. Das Zeitstandverhalten dürfte im wesentlichen durch die MX-Ausscheidungen bestimmt werden, wobei das Mengenverhältnis der Elemente Vanadin, Niob, Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff von erheblicher Bedeutung sein sollte. In Schweißverbindungen bildet sich die Zeitstandschädigung in der Regel in der WEZ nahe der Grenzlinie zum unbeeinflußten Grundwerkstoff aus. In diesem Bereich führt die kurzzeitige Erwärmung auf Temperaturen wenig über A₁ zur Bildung eines kohlenstoffarmen Austenits, da praktisch noch keine Carbide in Lösung gehen. Nach der Abkühlung liegt dann ein sehr weicher Martensit vor, der zudem beim üblichen Anlassen auf Temperaturen um 750 °C praktisch vollständig rekristallisiert.     

New glass system for low-loss optical waveguides

Optical fibres have been made by the vapour deposition of P2O5-GeO2-SiO2 glass onto the inside surface of Corning Code 7913 glass tubes. These graded-index core waveguides exhibit low attenuations, i.e. 4.0 dB/km at 0.82?m.