等离子体散射分析的改进型交替隐式时域方法

提出了一种改进的交替隐式时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,运用该方法分析了等离子体涂覆导体圆柱的散射特性,为等离子体隐身技术的运用提供了一定的理论指导.该方法在整个问题空间采用完整场形式的场量进行迭代计算,并运用中心差分格式离散极化电流密度辅助方程.仿真实验表明,提出的算法具有无条件稳定特性,其计算效率明显优于以往文献提出的交替隐式FDTD方法,在精度和效率上也稍高于普通的显式FDTD方法.     

The Integration of Genome-Wide Association Study and Homology Analysis to Explore the Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes for Panicle-Related Traits in Foxtail Millet

Panicle traits are important factors affecting yield, and their improvement has long been a critical goal in foxtail millet breeding. In order to understand the genetic basis of panicle formation, a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in this study for six panicle-related traits based on 706,646 high-polymorphism SNP loci in 407 accessions. As a result, 87 quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions with a physical distance of less than 100 kb were detected to be associated with these traits in three environments. Among them, 27 core regions were stably detected in at least two environments. Based on rice–foxtail millet homologous comparison, expression, and haplotype analysis, 27 high-confidence candidate genes in the QTL regions, such as Si3g11200 (OsDER1), Si1g27910 (OsMADS6), Si7g27560 (GS5), etc., affected panicle-related traits by involving multiple plant growth regulator pathways, a photoperiod response, as well as panicle and grain development. Most of these genes showed multiple effects on different panicle-related traits, such as Si3g11200 affecting all six traits. In summary, this study clarified a strategy based on the integration of GWAS, a homologous comparison, and haplotype analysis to discover the genomic regions and candidate genes for important traits in foxtail millet. The detected QTL regions and candidate genes could be further used for gene clone and marker-assisted selection in foxtail millet breeding.     

Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Promote the Secretion of Vascularization Factors and Migration of Human Skin Fibroblasts under Co-Culture and Its Preliminary Application

The good treatment of skin defects has always been a challenge in the medical field, and the emergence of tissue engineering skin provides a new idea for the treatment of injured skin. However, due to the single seed cells, the tissue engineering skin has the problem of slow vascularization at the premonitory site after implantation into the human body. Cell co-culture technology can better simulate the survival and communication environment of cells in the human body. The study of multicellular co-culture hopes to bring a solution to the problem of tissue engineering. In this paper, human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and human vascular endothelial cells (HVECs) were co-cultured in Transwell. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), Transwell migration chamber, immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to study the effects of HVECs on cell activity, migration factor (high mobility group protein 1, HMGB1) and vascularization factor (vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA and fibroblast growth factor 2, FGF2) secretion of HSFs after co-cultured with HVECs in the Transwell. The biological behavior of HSFs co-cultured with HVECs was studied. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The results of cck8 showed that HVECS could promote the activity of HSFs. (2) HVECs could significantly promote the migration of HSFs and promote the secretion of HMGB1. (3) HVECs could promote the secretion of VEGFA and FGF2 of HSFs. (4) The HVECs and HSFs were inoculated on tissue engineering scaffolds at the ratio of 1:4 and were co-cultured and detected for 7 days. The results showed that from the third day, the number of HSFs was significantly higher than that of the control group without HVECs.     

Discovery of Flavonoids as Novel Inhibitors of ATP Citrate Lyase: Structure–Activity Relationship and Inhibition Profiles

ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme in glucolipid metabolism and its aberrantly high expression is closely associated with various cancers, hyperlipemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Prospects of ACLY inhibitors as treatments of these diseases are excellent. To date, flavonoids have not been extensively reported as ACLY inhibitors. In our study, 138 flavonoids were screened and 21 of them were subjected to concentration–response curves. A remarkable structure–activity relationship (SAR) trend was found: ortho-dihydroxyphenyl and a conjugated system maintained by a pyrone ring were critical for inhibitory activity. Among these flavonoids, herbacetin had a typical structure and showed a non–aggregated state in solution and a high inhibition potency (IC₅₀ = 0.50 ± 0.08 μM), and therefore was selected as a representative for the ligand–protein interaction study. In thermal shift assays, herbacetin improved the thermal stability of ACLY, suggesting a direct interaction with ACLY. Kinetic studies determined that herbacetin was a noncompetitive inhibitor of ACLY, as illustrated by molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Together, this work demonstrated flavonoids as novel and potent ACLY inhibitors with a remarkable SAR trend, which may help design high–potency ACLY inhibitors. In–depth studies of herbacetin deepened our understanding of the interactions between flavonoids and ACLY.     

Generation of Functional Immortalized Human Corneal Stromal Stem Cells

In addition to their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, human corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) could serve as a powerful tool for drug discovery and development. Variations from different donors, their isolation method, and their limited life span in culture hinder the utility of primary human CSSCs. To address these limitations, this study aims to establish and characterize immortalized CSSC lines (imCSSC) generated from primary human CSSCs. Primary CSSCs (pCSSC), isolated from human adult corneoscleral tissue, were transduced with ectopic expression of hTERT, c-MYC, or the large T antigen of the Simian virus 40 (SV40T) to generate imCSSC. Cellular morphology, proliferation capacity, and expression of CSSCs specific surface markers were investigated in all cell lines, including TNFAIP6 gene expression levels in vitro, a known biomarker of in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy. SV40T-overexpressing imCSSC successfully extended the lifespan of pCSSC while retaining a similar morphology, proliferative capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study serves as a proof-of-concept that immortalization of CSSCs could enable a large-scale source of CSSC for use in regenerative medicine.     

真空开关电器中接触触点热过程的仿真研究

金属蒸气是真空开关电弧存在的根源, 基于流体动力学理论, 建立真空开关开断初期分离最终电接触触点由固体、金属液桥到金属蒸气相变过程的完整模型。考虑了金属触点的熔化变形边界, 同时关注金属液桥断裂后金属蒸气的扩散过程, 计算结果表明电触点最高温度点出现在接触触点的中心, 也正是金属桥断裂形成的初始位置。金属液桥相变过程中伴随金属蒸气的蒸发, 并在真空环境中迅速扩散, 在阴极斑点形成之前, 金属蒸气密度高达1.092×10²⁵ m^-3, 并沿着扩散半径迅速降低。计算结果表明, 随着电极加载电流的增大, 金属液桥完全断裂时间大大缩短。     

太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展

近年来太赫兹光(0.1 THz~10 THz)因其良好的探测能力和非电离特性受到研究者们的关注。根据不同的检测方式和信号处理方法,可分为太赫兹成像技术和太赫兹光谱技术两大类。太赫兹技术在医学科学中发展迅速,其中生物大分子检测和组织成像令人印象深刻。水含量和结构差异是太赫兹成像技术的理论基础,据此可对生物组织进行检测识别。不同的生物组织具有不同的太赫兹特征谱,太赫兹光谱技术通过检测吸收系数、折射系数和反射系数来识别不同的生物分子、细胞或组织。实时、无标记的检测方式有望在临床实践中发挥重要作用,但仍需克服生物安全性不明等困难。综述介绍了太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展,同时探讨了太赫兹技术目前需要克服的难题和潜在的生物安全性问题。

     

光纤偏振器件与组件的分布式串音测量研究进展

偏振串音是指光纤偏振器件与组件中两个正交偏振传输模式之间在微扰点发生的能量相互耦合的现象,而沿传输方向串音的连续分布既能够直接反映其光学偏振性能,如起偏、椭偏、消偏等特性,也能间接反映其制备工艺和外部环境状态,如连接与固定处的应力和应变、温度状态等。因此,偏振串音是光纤偏振器件与组件的固有性能和环境影响的综合体现,有望发展成为在线测试、诊断评价光纤偏振器件与组件性能的通用特征参量。基于白光干涉原理的光学相干域偏振测量(OCDP)技术是实现分布式偏振串音检测的最优方法,它利用扫描式白光干涉仪实现不同偏振模式间的干涉,对分布式串音发生的空间位置及幅值强度进行精确测量,具有超高灵敏度、超大动态范围、超长测量长度等优点。本文以光纤偏振器件与组件——保偏光纤环和多功能集成光学调制器作为分布式偏振串音精确测量与应用的范例,介绍了基于OCDP技术的分布式串音测试原理,回顾了测量误差的来源及相应的抑制方法,如由测试光路的参数非理想引入的静态误差以及由测试环境变化引入的动态误差,展示了不同环境温度下光纤偏振器件与组件的精确测试结果。最后,结合光纤偏振器件与组件复杂多变的工作环境,对分布式串音测量方法的发展进行了展望。

     

Electrolyte/Structure?Dependent Cocktail Mediation Enabling High?Rate/Low?Plateau Metal Sulfide Anodes for Sodium Storage

As promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries, metal sulfides ubiquitously suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues, greatly hindering their application in f...     

天车调度在优化钢厂物流管制中的重要作用

运用物流学中装卸搬运的知识,归纳了现代制造流程中运输环节的功能和作用,分析了炼钢厂物流系统中天车作业的特点,并对钢厂时间因素和生产工艺进行了研究与分析,从中可知天车调度在优化钢厂物流管制中的重要作用。