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81.
Controversies are rampant in contemporary psychology concerning the appropriate method for observing consciousness and the role inner experience should play in psychological theorizing. These conflicting orientations reflect, in part, methodological differences between natural science and human science interpretations of psychology. Humanistic psychology and philosophical phenomenology both employ a human science approach to psychology that seeks to explain behavior in terms of a person's subjective existence. Maslow's and Heidegger's formulations are both fulfillment theories in that they specify moral values that suggest how life ought to be lived. Natural science methodology rejects the possibility that moral imperatives can be validated, whereas human science methodology allows phenomenological convictions to justify recommendations about a fulfilled life and a good society. The social role of psychology is analyzed within the framework of phenomenological convictions and scientific truth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
82.
Martins Silvia S.; Mazzotti Guido; Chilcoat Howard D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,13(3):244
This study aims to estimate changes in the prevalence of ecstasy use over time, analyze the overlap of ecstasy use and other drug use, and compare other drug use in ecstasy versus marijuana users. The authors hypothesized that ecstasy users early in the "epidemic" would be polydrug users and that associations between ecstasy and other drug use would diminish as the prevalence of ecstasy use increased. Data were drawn from public use data files from the 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Ecstasy use increased in the U.S. population and the prevalence was greater in younger age groups. Ecstasy users were likely to use a variety of other drugs; however, association of ecstasy use with other drug use was strongest early in the "epidemic," diminishing as the number of new users increased. Later, more drug-naive adolescents and young adults began experimenting with ecstasy. These results can orient prevention strategies that target ecstasy users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
83.
BillHoward 《个人电脑》2003,9(6):149-149
有谁相信Intel和MIcrosoft所说的一切吗7我也不相信。所以我对过去两周PC Magazine实验室的结果感到吃惊:配备新型1.6GHz Intel Pentium M CPU的centnno系统堪与配备3.06GHz台式机芯片的笔记本媲美,Centrino系统的电池寿命几乎是近期的高端笔记本的两倍。Centrino笔记本几乎具备我们所希望的以及Intel所声称的一切优点。 相似文献
84.
85.
This paper introduces the ideas behind BPML, the business process modelling language published by BPMI. BPML provides a process-centric (as opposed to a datacentric) metalanguage and execution model for business systems. It is underpinned by a strong mathematical foundation, the pi-calculus. The current paper is derived from supplementary appendices to a book which describes a ‘third wave’ approach to business process management [Business Process Management: The Third Wave, 2003]. The aim is to model business processes directly in an executable form, so that the mobility and mutability inherent in business behaviour is reflected and supported in the corresponding IT systems, erasing the present IT-business divide. 相似文献
86.
Howard Bowman Helen Cameron Peter King Simon Thompson 《Formal Methods in System Design》2003,22(1):5-38
This paper explores a formalism for describing a wide class of multimedia document constraints, based on an interval temporal logic. We describe the requirements that arise from the multimedia documents application area, and we illustrate these requirements using several examples. Then we present the temporal logic formalism that we use. This logic extends existing interval temporal logic with a number of new features: actions, framing of actions, past operators, a projection-like operator called filter and a new handling of interval length. The notation is applied to the specification of the examples, and in particular a set of logical manipulations, providing feedback to an author, is presented. A model theory, logic and satisfaction relation are defined for the notation. 相似文献
87.
John John E. So Thomas J. Downar Raghunandan Janardhan Howard Jay Siegel 《International journal of parallel programming》1998,26(2):183-207
The performance of conjugate gradient (CG) algorithms for the solution of the system of linear equations that results from the finite-differencing of the neutron diffusion equation was analyzed on SIMD, MIMD, and mixed-mode parallel machines. A block preconditioner based on the incomplete Cholesky factorization was used to accelerate the conjugate gradient search. The issues involved in mapping both the unpreconditioned and preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithms onto the mixed-mode PASM prototype, the SIMD MasPar MP-1, and the MIMD Intel Paragon XP/S are discussed. On PASM , the mixed-mode implementation outperformed either SIMD or MIMD alone. Theoretical performance predictions were analyzed and compared with the experimental results on the MasPar MP-1 and the Paragon XP/S. Other issues addressed include the impact on execution time of the number of processors used, the effect of the interprocessor communication network on performance, and the relationship of the number of processors to the quality of the preconditioning. Applications studies such as this are necessary in the development of software tools for mapping algorithms onto either a single parallel machine or a heterogeneous suite of parallel machines. 相似文献
88.
S. Das E. J. Palmiere I. C. Howard 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(13):1087-1095
This article presents a novel experimental technique to infer the coupled effects of friction and heat transfer during the
hot rolling of steels. The technique, termed the “cut-groove” method, relates the behavior of the deforming grooves cut on
the strip surface to the local effects of friction and heat transfer. Validation of the experimentally observed groove shapes
involved developing two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element (FE) models that employed a probabilistic
distribution diagram (PDD). The PDD framework modeled the roll-strip interface and accounted for the variations in the oxide
scale as distinct states that affect both friction and heat transfer. The numerically predicted groove openings are in good
agreement with the experimentally observed groove shapes, particularly for the 2-D case. For the 3-D model, deviations are
observed at regions close to the strip edges that are affected by nonplanar strain arising from spread during laboratory rolling.
S. DAS, formerly Student, Department of Engineering Materials, and later Research Associate, Institute of Microstructural
and Mechanical Process Engineering, The University of Sheffield (IMMPETUS), Sheffield, SI 3JD, United Kingdom 相似文献
89.
A citation identity is a list of an author's citees ranked by how frequently that author has cited them in publications covered
by the Institute for Scientific Information. The same Dialog software that creates identities can simultaneously show the
overall citation counts of citees, which indicate their reputations. Using identities for 28 authors in several disciplines
of science and scholarship, I show that the reputational counts of their citees always have an approximately log-normal distribution:
citations to very famous names are roughly balanced by citations to obscure ones, and most citations go to authors of middling
reputation. These results undercut claims by constructivists that the main function of citation is to marshal “big-name” support
for arguments at the expense of crediting lesser-known figures. The results are better explained by Robert K. Merton's norm
of universalism, which holds that citers are rewarding use of relevant intellectual property, than by the constructivists'
particularism, which holds that citers are trying to persuade through manipulative rhetoric. A universalistic citation pattern
appears even in Alan Sokal's famous hoax article, where some of his citing was deliberately particularistic. In fact, Sokal's
basic adherence to universalism probably helped his hoax succeed, which suggests the strength of the Mertonian norm. In specimen
cases, the constructivists themselves are shown as conforming to it.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
90.
Di Pietro Nina C.; Black Yolanda D.; Green-Jordan Kristen; Eichenbaum Howard B.; Kantak Kathleen M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,118(5):1042
Acquisition of odor-guided or visually-guided delayed win-shift behavior was evaluated in rats after lidocaine-induced inactivation within the agranular insular area of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the prelimbic area of the PFC. Additional sites and tasks were used to control for neuroanatomical and behavioral specificity of lidocaine inactivation of the agranular insular and prelimbic areas. Results showed that acquisition of the odor-guided delayed win-shift task was dependent on the agranular insular area, whereas acquisition of the visually-guided version was dependent on the prelimbic area. This dissociation suggests that the stimulus modality used is critical for revealing working memory functions of different PFC subregions. The described methods provide a complementary means to study working memory in PFC subregions using a radial-arm maze. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献