全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44011篇 |
免费 | 14929篇 |
国内免费 | 81篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 977篇 |
综合类 | 69篇 |
化学工业 | 18050篇 |
金属工艺 | 521篇 |
机械仪表 | 989篇 |
建筑科学 | 1869篇 |
矿业工程 | 57篇 |
能源动力 | 1113篇 |
轻工业 | 7329篇 |
水利工程 | 322篇 |
石油天然气 | 82篇 |
武器工业 | 11篇 |
无线电 | 8092篇 |
一般工业技术 | 12537篇 |
冶金工业 | 1383篇 |
原子能技术 | 55篇 |
自动化技术 | 5565篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 73篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 404篇 |
2020年 | 1536篇 |
2019年 | 3242篇 |
2018年 | 3190篇 |
2017年 | 3522篇 |
2016年 | 4001篇 |
2015年 | 4077篇 |
2014年 | 4079篇 |
2013年 | 5386篇 |
2012年 | 3061篇 |
2011年 | 2736篇 |
2010年 | 2928篇 |
2009年 | 2880篇 |
2008年 | 2409篇 |
2007年 | 2237篇 |
2006年 | 1936篇 |
2005年 | 1599篇 |
2004年 | 1547篇 |
2003年 | 1499篇 |
2002年 | 1419篇 |
2001年 | 1245篇 |
2000年 | 1184篇 |
1999年 | 587篇 |
1998年 | 383篇 |
1997年 | 277篇 |
1996年 | 180篇 |
1995年 | 124篇 |
1994年 | 148篇 |
1993年 | 116篇 |
1992年 | 85篇 |
1991年 | 96篇 |
1990年 | 83篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 90篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 42篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 41篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
L. Sheeney‐Haj‐Ichia S. Pogorelova Y. Gofer I. Willner 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(5):416-424
Three different configurations of Au‐nanoparticle/CdS‐nanoparticle arrays are organized on Au/quartz electrodes for enhanced photocurrent generation. In one configuration, Au‐nanoparticles are covalently linked to the electrode and the CdS‐nanoparticles are covalently linked to the bare Au‐nanoparticle assembly. The resulting photocurrent, φ = 7.5 %, is ca. 9‐fold higher than the photocurrent originating from a CdS‐nanoparticle layer that lacks the Au‐nanoparticles, φ = 0.8 %. The enhanced photocurrent in the Au/CdS nanoparticle array is attributed to effective charge separation of the electron–hole pair by the injection of conduction‐band electrons from the CdS‐ to the Au‐nanoparticles. Two other configurations involving electrostatically stabilized bipyridinium‐crosslinked Au/CdS or CdS/Au nanoparticle arrays were assembled on the Au/quartz crystal. The photocurrent quantum yields in the two systems are φ = 10 % and φ = 5 %, respectively. The photocurrents in control systems that include electrostatically bridged Au/CdS or CdS/Au nanoparticles by oligocationic units that lack electron‐acceptor units are substantially lower than the values observed in the analogous bipyridinium‐bridged systems. The enhanced photocurrents in the bipyridinium‐crosslinked systems is attributed to the stepwise electron transfer of conduction‐band electrons to the Au‐nanoparticles by the bipyridinium relay bridge, a process that stabilizes the electron–hole pair against recombination and leads to effective charge separation. 相似文献
102.
N. Jongen M. Donnet P. Bowen J. Lemaître H. Hofmann R. Schenk C. Hofmann M. Aoun‐Habbache S. Guillemet‐Fritsch J. Sarrias A. Rousset M. Viviani M.T. Buscaglia V. Buscaglia P. Nanni A. Testino J.R. Herguijuela 《化学工程与技术》2003,26(3):303-305
The synthesis of powders with controlled shape and narrow particle size distributions is still a major challenge for many industries. A continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) has been developed to overcome homogeneity and scale‐up problems encountered when using batch reactors. Supersaturation is created by mixing the co‐reactants in a micromixer inducing precipitation; the suspension is then segmented into identical micro‐volumes by a non‐miscible fluid and sent through a tube. These micro‐volumes are more homogeneous when compared to large batch reactors leading to narrower size distributions, better particle morphology, polymorph selectivity and stoichiometry. All these features have been demonstrated on single tube SFTR for different chemical systems. To increase productivity for commercial application the SFTR is being “scaled‐out” by multiplying the number of tubes running in parallel instead of scaling‐up by increasing their size. The versatility of the multi‐tube unit will allow changes in type of precipitate with a minimum of new investment as new chemistry can be researched, developed and optimised in a single tube SFTR and then transferred to the multi‐tube unit for powder production. 相似文献
103.
M. Ganschow C. Hellriegel E. Kneuper M. Wark C. Thiel G. Schulz‐Ekloff C. Bruchle D. Whrle 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(3):269-276
Dye‐loaded AlPO4‐5 single crystals were prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis from a batch, containing a mixture of three chromophores (Coumarin 40, Rhodamine BE50, and Oxazine 1) differing in their absorption range, molecular dimensions, and solubilities. Confocal fluorescence images reveal a spatial separation effect of the dye molecules, where the slimmer, more‐soluble dye molecule (Coumarin 40) is uniformly distributed in the body of the single crystal, and the bulky and/or less‐soluble ones (Rhodamine BE50, Oxazine 1) are situated in distinct domains. Visible spectra show good panchromatic absorption of visible light. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the presence of an energy transfer cascade of the entirely fixed dye molecules from Coumarin 40 to Oxazine 1. The transfer mechanism is predominantly radiative. 相似文献
104.
This paper presents a low‐cost RF parameter estimation technique using a new RF built‐in self‐test (BIST) circuit and efficient DC measurement for 4.5 to 5.5 GHz low noise amplifiers (LNAs). The BIST circuit measures gain, noise figure, input impedance, and input return loss for an LNA. The BIST circuit is designed using 0.18 μm SiGe technology. The test technique utilizes input impedance matching and output DC voltage measurements. The technique is simple and inexpensive. 相似文献
105.
106.
The intent of a binomial effect size display (BESD) is to show "the [real-world] importance of [an] effect indexed by a correlation [r]" (R. Rosenthal, 1994, p. 242) by reexpressing this correlation as a success rate difference (SRD) (e.g., treatment group success rate - control group success rate). However, SRDs displayed in BESDs generally overestimate real-world SRDs implied by correlations of (a) dichotomous X and Y variables (φ coefficients), (b) dichotomous X and continuous Y variables (point-biserial coefficients [rphs]). and (c) continuous X and Y variables (rxys). Furthermore, overestimation biases are larger for rxys than for rphs. Differences in the sizes of biases linked to different correlations suggest that BESD SRDs reported for different correlations are not comparable. The stochastic difference index (N. Cliff, 1993: A. Vargha & H. D. Delaney, 2000) is recommended as an alternative to the BESD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
107.
Speed superiority of scaled double-gate CMOS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Unloaded ring-oscillator simulations, performed with a generic process/physics-based compact model for double-gate (DG) MOSFETs and supplemented with model-predicted on-state currents and gate capacitances for varying supply voltages (VDD), are used to show and explain the speed superiority of extremely scaled DG CMOS over the single-gate (e.g., bulk-Si) counterpart. The DG superiority for unloaded circuits is most substantive for low VDD < ~1 V 相似文献
108.
PJ Oefner SP Hunicke-Smith L Chiang F Dietrich J Mulligan RW Davis 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,24(20):3879-3886
Based on a high-performance liquid chromatographic pump, we have built a device that allows recirculation of DNA through a 63-microm orifice with ensuing fractionation to a minimum fragment size of approximately 300 base pairs. Residence time of the DNA fragments in the converging flow created by a sudden contraction was found to be sufficiently long to allow extension of the DNA molecules into a highly extended conformation and, hence, breakage to occur at midpoint. In most instances, 30 passages sufficed to obtain a narrow size distribution, with >90% of the fragments lying within a 2-fold size distribution. The shear rate required to achieve breakage was found to be inversely proportional to the 1.0 power of the molecular weight. Compared with a restriction digest, up to 40% of all fragments could be cloned directly, with only marginal improvements in cloning efficiency having been observed upon prior end repair with Klenow, T4 polymerase or T4 polynucleotide kinase. Sequencing revealed a fairly random distribution of the fragments. 相似文献
109.
A method is presented for the construction of fixed-order compensators to provide H∞ norm constraint for linear control systems with exogenous disturbances. The method is based on the celebrated bounded-real lemma that predicates the H∞ norm constraint via a Riccati inequality. The synthesis of fixed-order controllers whose dimensions are less than the order of a given plant, is demonstrated by a set of sufficient conditions along with a numerical algorithm. 相似文献
110.
Maribel Plascencia‐Jatomea Miguel A Olvera‐Novoa Jos Luis Arredondo‐Figueroa George M Hall Keiko Shirai 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2002,82(7):753-759
This study provides information on the use of shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate (SPH) as an alternative protein source for tilapia feeding. Six diets (28% protein, 12% lipid) were prepared where fishmeal protein was replaced at levels of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% with the hydrolysate. The diets were supplied to Nile tilapia fry (338 mg initial weight) stocked in plastic recirculating 20 l tanks (10 animals per tank), with three replicates per treatment. After an 8 week experimental period, fish fed the diets containing 10 and 15% SPH showed significantly better performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain (%), mean daily weight gain (mg day?1), specific growth ratio and feed conversion ratio than those fed the control diet (fishmeal as protein source) and higher‐SPH diets. It is concluded that shrimp head hydrolysate is a promising alternative protein source for tilapia feeding, improving growth ratio at dietary inclusion levels as high as 15%. In addition, the diets with added shrimp silage protein were well accepted by the fish, which avidly consumed the feed during the experiment. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献