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991.
Lightpath (wavelength) routing in large WDM networks 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Chlamtac I. Farago A. Tao Zhang 《Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on》1996,14(5):909-913
We address the problem of efficient circuit switching in wide area optical networks. The solution provided is based on finding optimal routes for lightpaths and the new concept of semilightpaths. A lightpath is a fully optical transmission path, while a semilightpath is a transmission path constructed by chaining together several lightpaths, using wavelength conversion at their junctions. A fast and practical algorithm is presented to optimally route lightpaths and semilightpaths taking into account both the cost of using the wavelengths on links and the cost of wavelength conversion. We prove that the running time of the algorithm is the best possible in the wide class of algorithms allowing linear algebraic operations on weights. This class encompasses all known related practical methods. Additionally, our method works for any physical realization of wavelength conversion, independently whether it is done via optoelectronic conversion or in a fully optical way 相似文献
992.
变结构变参数设计方法及其在机械CAD中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了一种新颖的机械结构设计思想-变结构变参数设计方法,并结合实例,阐述了变结构变参数设计的概念、原则、实施措施和意义。由此对I-deas软件包进行了二次开发,编制了发动机曲轴专用CAD软件程序,并用某型号发动机曲轴进行了验证。 相似文献
993.
Functional adhesion of blood and marrow leukemic cells from 14 acute myeloid leukemia patients presenting with hyperleukocytosis was evaluated by performing cytoadhesion assays on purified (extracellular matrix proteins) and non-purified supports (MRC5 fibroblastic cell line). Results, in 30-min chromium release assay, show a mean +/- S.D. adhesion to fibronectin, collagen, and laminin respectively of 30 +/- 17%, 20 +/- 13%, 25 +/- 17% for blood leukemic cells and 18 +/- 11%, 11 +/- 10%, 11 +/- 8% for marrow leukemic cells. These differences between blood and marrow cells were statistically significant (respectively P = 0.005, P = 0.01 and P = 0.002), while no difference was noted regarding adhesion to non-purified supports. The higher adhesion of blood blast cells to purified supports was observed regardless of CD34 expression. No significant difference was observed in the expression of cell surface VLA-molecules (CD29, CD49b, CD49d, CD49e, CD49f) between blood and marrow blast cells. The addition of GM-CSF or G-CSF induced increased adhesion of marrow blasts and decreased adhesion of blood blasts leading to a loss of the difference between blood and marrow cells. In a 60-min chromium release assay, marrow blasts adhered even more than blood leukemic cells to fibronectin. In contrast, marrow blasts from 'aleukemic' acute myeloid leukemia patients did not show any modification regarding their adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins when co-cultured with growth factors. 相似文献
994.
995.
提出了一种用双边带深侧槽的小尺寸圆形紧凑拉伸试样评定核压力容器(RPV)钢断裂韧性的单试作试验方法,给出了用该方法测定的两个厂家生产的核压力容器用A508CL3钢的断裂韧性参数,还与Charpy试样的试验结果及大尺寸标准试样的试验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:用双边带深侧槽的小尺寸R-CT试样测得的断裂韧性值比相同恻槽深度预制疲劳裂纹Charpy试样的测试值更接近有效断裂韧性值,所以,用于核压力容器断裂韧性的监测是可行的。 相似文献
996.
In this paper, a unified model for dislocation nucleation, emission and dislocation free zone is proposed based on the Peierls framework. Three regions are identified ahead of the crack tip. The emitted dislocations, located away from the crack tip in the form of an inverse pileup, define the plastic zone. Between that zone and the cohesive zone immediately ahead of the crack tip, there is a dislocation free zone. With the stress field and the dislocation density field in the cohesive zone and plastic zone being, respectively, expressed in the first and second Chebyshev polynomial series, and the opening and slip displacements in trigonometric series, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations can be obtained and solved with the Newton-Raphson Method. The results of calculations for pure shearing and combined tension and shear loading after dislocation emission are given in detail. An approximate treatment of the dynamic effects of the dislocation emission is also developed in this paper, and the calculation results are in good agreement with those of molecular dynamics simulations.Presented at the Far East Fracture Group (FEFG) International Symposium on Fracture and Strength of Solids, 4–7 July 1994 in Xi'an, China. 相似文献
997.
本文提出了一种利用紫外—可见光分光光度仪定量评价高分子膜溶解速度的方法。并着重考查了邻重氮萘醌改性后的酚醛树脂在碱溶液中的溶解特性。实验表明,曝光后的树脂在碱溶液中首先溶胀,然后才开始溶解,即存在溶解滞后现象。溶解滞后和溶解速度与溶液的碱度有关,与树脂膜厚无关。 相似文献
998.
应用音平化渣图象分析和指导转炉造渣操作 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用音平化渣图象可以清晰地看出在转炉造渣过程中何时发生喷溅,何时发生炉渣返干和何时化渣正常。应用音平化渣图象和炉渣三元相图,可以正确地分析发生喷溅和返干的原因,从而找到避免突发性喷溅和严重返干的方法。正确的枪位和炉渣碱度控制是实现平稳吹炼的保证,而音平化渣图象能帮助操作工实现这一目标。 相似文献
999.
多级脉冲深穿透射孔技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前国内较先进的射孔工艺是增效射孔和三相流射孔,这2种射孔工艺均存在射孔深度和造缝深度浅的问题,尤其是对低渗油藏和纵向渗透率远大于横向渗透率的油藏,此造缝深度并不能满足油田生产的需要.介绍了一种新型的射孔技术,它是一种能进行深度射孔造缝的多级射孔技术,利用三级推进剂燃爆时产生峰值不连续的高温、高压气流,形成多级脉冲,多次冲击射孔孔眼前沿的裂缝,使其有效延伸至地层深处,从而较单独的射孔更能有效地增加油气产量.通过地面水泥靶的试验,证明了该射孔器的延缝功能和安全性;通过塘32等井的现场试验,证明该射孔技术对污染地层解堵有显著效果,可明显地降低地层破裂压力. 相似文献
1000.
Abstract: Environmental justice advocates have recently focused attention on cumulative exposure in minority neighborhoods due to multiple sources of pollution. This article uses U.S. EPA's National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) for 1996 to examine environmental inequality in California, a state that has been a recent innovator in environmental justice policy. We first estimate potential lifetime cancer risks from mobile and stationary sources. We then consider the distribution of these risks using both simple comparisons and a multivariate model in which we control for income, land use, and other explanatory factors, as well as spatial correlation. We find large racial disparities in California's “riskscape” as well as inequalities by other factors and suggest several implications for environmental and land use policy. 相似文献