Thermal inactivation D- and z-values of Salmonella serotypes and listeria innocua in chicken patties, chicken tenders, franks, beef patties, and blended beef and turkey patties.

Commercially formulated meat products, including chicken patties, chicken tenders, franks, beef patties, and blended beef and turkey patties, were obtained from processors. Each product was inoculated with 7 to 8 logs of Salmonella (Senftenberg, Typhimurium, Heidelberg, Mission, Montevideo, and California) or Listeria innocua. The inoculated meat samples were heat treated at 55 to 70 degrees C. At each temperature, the decimal reduction time (D) was obtained by linear regression of survival curves. Values of D and the temperature difference required for the thermal inactivation curve to drop a logarithmic cycle (z) were determined for the Salmonella serotypes and L. innocua in each product. At 55 to 70 degrees C. for the five tested products, the D-values for the Salmonella serotypes and L. innocua were 26.97 to 0.25 min and 191.94 to 0.18 min, respectively, and their z-values were 7.60 to 9.83 degrees C and 4.86 to 8.67 degrees C, respectively. Significant differences were found for the D- and z-values among the five products. This study will better enable processors to determine the process lethality of pathogens in commercial meat products.     

On the time course of perceptual information that results from a brief visual presentation.

A briefly presented visual stimulus engenders an available-information function that lags behind the physical stimulus. The authors report 2 experiments that focus on the iconic-decay portion of this function, which falls to 0 over a 200–300 msec period following stimulus offset. In each experiment, to-be-reported digit strings were shown for varying durations followed by a noise mask at varying poststimulus interval. The shape of the performance curve relating digit-report probability to stimulus exposure duration was found to be independent of stimulus-mask interstimulus interval. This finding is consistent with the proposition that the iconic-decay function's shape is independent of stimulus duration and allows shape identification. The authors rejected exponential iconic decay for 6 of 8 observers; however, all observers' decay functions could be adequately fit by gamma decay, a generalization of exponential decay. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

High-Activity Heterogeneous Catalysts Prepared in One Step from the Mesophases of Metallosurfactants

Surfactant Ru(II) complexes have been used to template mesoporous silicates using the true liquid crystal templating method, giving evenly dispersed, nanometer-sized ruthenium particles which show very high catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of 1-hexene.     

Ophthalmologic management of diabetic retinopathy

Changes in lung mechanics were measured in asthmatic adults before and after a 10-day course of daily and a three-week course of alternate day adrenocortical steroid therapy. All patients improved after the 10 days of therapy. This response continued during the a.m. measurements on the alternate day regimen with further improvement through the afternoon of the treatment day. In the afternoon of the day off corticosteroid therapy there was a deterioration in flow rates.     

Voluntary inhibition of the myotatic reflex and premotor response to joint angle displacement

EMGs from the deltoid muscle of the nonpreferred arm were obtained from 18 subjects (9 males, 9 females). The EMGs resulted from a stretch reflex (reflex latency) from the fall of the relaxed arm from an electromagnet and from the resultant EMGs of a voluntary response to stop the preceived falling arm (premotor response). Ten normal trials were followed by 10 inhibition trials. By conscious relaxation of the arm and inhibition of the deltoid muscle, all subjects on most trials were able to completely eliminate the voluntary premotor responses. Elimination of the myotatic reflex proved much more difficult with two subjects completely inhibiting it on all trials and ten subjects on at least one trial; however when the reflex was not inhibited, the inhibited condition resulted in significantly reduced reflex duration and an increased reflex latency. No sex difference was found in the ability to inhibit the EMG responses.     

Semi-batch polycondensation: a simplified polymerization model

In a previous paper the N + 1 non-linear differential equations (N → ∞) which describe unsteady reversible polycondensation in a semi-batch reactor were shown to collapse to a three equation model that is rigorously applicable to non-equilibrium reacting mixtures. The collapsed model is shown to reduce further to a single linear differential equation yielding polymer number average molecular weight directly. Analytic solution for the case of a linear reduction in reactor pressure is presented, and the validity of the unsteady model is discussed.     

The electropolymerisation of acrylamide on carbon fibres

Polyacrylamide has been synthesised at the surface of carbon fibre by the technique of electropolymerisation. Some details of the polymerisation have been presented and a preliminary proposal made for the mechanism responsible. The characterisations of carbon fibre and its surface have always presented a problem; in this work torsional braid analysis has been used to study the polymer present on the surface of the fibre.     

PLANE: an interactive program for calculating intersection lineations from planes,planes from lines,and plunges from pitches

PLANE is a FORTRAN IV program for interactive calculation of the intersection lineation between planes, the orientation of a plane defined by two lineations, and a plunge and plunge direction of a pitch on a plane.Data input is from the terminal and consists of word commands or numeric data. Data syntax is checked, and all errors and results of calculations are reported back to the terminal, with an optional record of correct input and results being stored on disk.Nonstandard FORTRAN IV features used are listed.