Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

多重网格法在地球物理正反演应用研究中的进展

现阶段地球物理三维勘探面临越来越复杂的问题,其要求更精细的三维网格剖分,现有的一些方法随着网格节点的增加其收敛速度相应减慢。对于应用中更复杂实际模型、更细密网格剖分以及更快收敛速度要求,难于有进一步提高。要有所突破,需借助计算数学最新进展,引入新的高效算法。多重网格法是近二十年迅速发展的一种求解微分方程近乎最优的新算法。本文首先简单介绍了多重网格法基本原理和运算格式,着重介绍了当前国内外多重网格法在地球物理正反演中的应用成果和发展现状。此外,对多重网格法在地球物理正反演中的应用前景及发展趋势进行了展望。     

无线射频识别技术（RFID）及其在物联网中的应用

随着物联网知识的普及,以及其技术的广泛推广应用,物联网被越来越多的人所关注。本文介绍了物联网及其关键技术RFID,并结合RFID在物联网的实际应用,并对其未来的发展作出了展望。     

基于JavaScript的HTML＋MathML通用方案的设计与实现

MathML是一个W3C推荐标准.目前,测览器对MathML的支持比较复杂,(X)HTML+MathML存在多种文档方案,这些方案对运行环境往往有一定的要求和限定,为适应多样化应用的需要,必须考虑保留多种文档方案,导致了数据的大量冗余.本文阐述了现有(X)HTML+MathML文档方案的局限性,提出了一种基于JavaScript的HTML+MathML通用方案.该方案使用JavaScript包含MathML,使得同一个HTML+MathML文档能够实现跨平台、跨浏览器、跨插件的应用,简洁实用,有效地解决了通用性的应用需求.     

基于FT245BM的USB接口开发

为了实现一种简易高速的并且可以方便移植的USB接口的开发,设计了以FTDI公司的FT245BM为USB接口的芯片,该芯片实现了PC机和微控制器之间通过USB口的简易高速数据通信,使用性较好.     

对独立／依瓦自我构念与跨文化交际障碍成因研究的思考

文中将心理学所提出的自我构念理论融入到了跨文化交际障碍成因的研究中,通过对跨文化交际案例的分析说明自我构念的不同会对跨文化交际产生影响．若对自我构念缺乏正确认识和理解则会产生消极影响,易形成自我中心论和盲目崇拜论的误区,最终导致跨文化交际障碍,引发交际冲突．     

Model of cold crystallization of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

The differential scanning calorimeter heating curves of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with three peaks were analyzed by using a newly proposed equation. The diffusion-controlled crystallization theory is suitable for describing cold crystallization of uniaxially oriented PET fibers. A crystallization model was proposed based on the kinetic parameters obtained. The model embraces the three sub-processes of crystallization corresponding to different growth geometries. The first sub-process corresponds to the nucleation of ordered molecular segments or the radial growth of preformed nucleus, resulting in the shorter bundle-like entities. The second sub-process corresponds to further growth of the bundle-like crystallites along chain direction, resulting in the longer bundle-like entities. The third sub-process corresponds to the three-dimensional growth of crystallites relating to the random segments, resulting in the spherical entities.     

Transitions from solid to liquid in isotactic polystyrene studied by thermal analysis and X-ray scattering

A three-phase model, comprising mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) and crystalline fraction (C), has been applied to interpret the thermal transitions and structure of cold-crystallized isotactic polystyrene (iPS) from below the glass transition temperature, T_g, to above the melting point. Quenched amorphous iPS films were isothermally crystallized at different temperatures for 12 h. The fraction of crystalline phase, ?_c, was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The fraction of the mobile amorphous phase, ?_MAF, was obtained from the heat capacity increment at the glass transition temperature. In the three-phase model, the fraction of the rigid amorphous phase, ?_RAF, was found from 1−?_MAF−?_c. Specific heat capacity measurements by standard DSC confirm that the experimental baseline heat capacity conforms to a three-phase model for temperatures ranging from below T_g, up to the relaxation of RAF. The relaxation of RAF appears as a sigmoidal change in heat capacity accompanied by excess enthalpy, in which solid-like RAF is converted to an identical amount of liquid-like MAF.At temperatures above the relaxation of RAF, either one or two major crystal melting endotherms are observed in standard DSC, dependent upon crystallization temperature. However, using quasi-isothermal temperature modulated DSC, we always observed two reversing melting endotherms. The effects of annealing on iPS structure during the quasi-isothermal measurement were assessed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Combining the DSC and SAXS results, a model for the melting of iPS lamellae at low heating rates is presented.     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of copper(II), lead(II) and cadrnium(II)

The full spectrum technique in the fourier domain was studied for simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR). A program called SPGRFSQ. was designed to perform the calculations. Seven error functions were calculated for deducing the number of factors. Data reduction was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. Experimental results showed the method to be successful even where there was severe overlap of spectra.     

发电系统短期可靠性评估的等效机组法

本文提出了等效机组的概念,有效地解决了发电系统短期可靠性评估中的“状态爆炸”难题该方法不仅提高了短期可靠性评估的速度和精度,而且极大地压缩了计算存贮量,使发电系统短期可靠性评估更趋于实用化.通过对示例发电系统进行短期可靠性评估,其结果证明了该方法的正确性和有效性.