YN30A型内燃凿岩机汽缸的磨损分析

本文对YN30A型内燃凿岩机的汽缸,在现场对中硬度花岗岩进行磨损试验。根据工作情况,环境条件及所测量的数据,对汽缸磨损规律进行了分析。     

Dynamics and scaling of explosion cratering in granular media

Granular cratering is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in various natural and industrial contexts. Although impact‐induced granular cratering has been extensively studied, fewer experiments have been conducted on granular cratering via low‐energy explosions. Here, we study the dynamics and scaling of explosion granular cratering by injecting short pulses of pressurized air in quasi‐two‐dimensional granular media. Through an analysis of the dynamics of explosion processes at different explosion pressures, explosion durations, and burial depths, we identify two regimes, the bubbling and the eruption regimes, in explosion granular cratering. Our experiments explore the distinctive dynamics and crater morphologies of these regimes and show the energy scaling of the size of explosion craters. We compare high‐energy and low‐energy explosion cratering as well as explosion and impact cratering in terms of their energy scalings. Our work illustrates complex granular flows in explosion cratering and provides new insights into the general scaling of granular cratering processes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2972–2981, 2018     

半焦成型技术及型焦应用研究进展

半焦孔隙结构发达,具有良好的吸附能力,但由于机械强度较低及耐热和耐水性能较差等原因,半焦的大规模应用受到了极大限制,不仅造成半焦资源大量浪费,也导致严重的环境污染问题。成型半焦机械强度高,耐热和耐水性能得到显著改善,可以广泛用作吸附剂或催化剂载体,具有很好的经济价值。综述半焦成型的主要工艺,阐明半焦成型机理,介绍有黏结剂冷压成型、无黏结剂冷压成型和热压成型等半焦成型工艺的特点以及产品型焦的主要应用领域,并提出半焦成型技术和型焦应用的主要发展方向。     

端面变形对液体动压型机械密封液膜瞬态特性的影响

建立动环-液膜-静环动压型机械密封双向流固耦合模型,针对逆流泵送状态,对密封环及液膜流场进行非定常耦合计算,分析了密封环变形和液膜压力的瞬态特性,并通过流固耦合前后流场对比,分析了密封环端面变形对液膜压力脉动的影响。研究结果表明：与未考虑变形时相比,双向流固耦合计算结果更加符合实际;静环端面变形随时间呈周期性变化,且越靠近内径出口处,变形量的波动程度越大;密封环端面变形对外径处压力脉动影响较小,但会明显增强内径处压力脉动,且转速越大,压力脉动增强的程度越大,介质压力在压力较低的工况下对变形后液膜压力脉动程度的影响不明显;密封环端面的变形只影响压力脉动的程度,不改变压力脉动的频率。     

不锈钢冶炼渣铁浴熔融还原动力学实验研究

通过10 kg级小型不锈钢冶炼渣熔融还原试验,研究了不锈钢废渣在1 500～1 650℃温度范围内的熔融还原动力学行为,认为还原反应体现在两个阶段:反应初期不锈钢废渣熔解为反应的控速环节;而反应后期界面处的化学反应演变为反应的控速环节.从整体熔融还原试验上看,不同阶段对炉渣组成有着不同的要求:反应初期需要降低熔渣熔点,能有效促进形成液态渣,以提高不锈钢渣的熔解速度;反应后期需合理调节炉渣流动性以加速熔融还原反应.故可以通过炉渣参数优化以求在保证终渣的残铬达到较高回收的前提下尽可能提高熔融还原的速率.     

柴油机颗粒物-氮氧化物减排系统贵金属催化剂研究进展

汽车排放的氮氧化物(NO_x)和碳烟颗粒物(PM)会对环境和人类健康造成严重的危害,但是现有的技术仅能对NO_x或PM的排放实现单独净化。与其他尾气净化技术相比,柴油机颗粒物-氮氧化物减排系统(DPNR)兼具NO_x和PM净化效果,成为下一代NO_x和PM协同净化的首选催化系统。本文综述了DPNR催化反应机理以及系统中NO_x和PM系统净化用的贵金属催化剂的研究进展;总结了Pt基催化剂在不同条件下同时消除NO_x和PM的催化活性,系统地讨论了Ba、K、Mn等元素掺杂对Pt基催化剂的影响。同时归纳比较Ag基、Ru基与Pt基催化剂在PM氧化和NO_x消除方面的区别,为研究开发同时消除NO_x和PM的高效催化剂提供参考。     

Wear Resistance of the La<Subscript>62</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>12</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>12</Subscript>Al<Subscript>14</Subscript> Bulk Metallic Glass Under Dry Friction Conditions

The wear properties of a La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ bulk metallic glass (BMG) using sliding wear system under the various normal loads and the annealing conditions have been investigated. Although the La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ BMG is brittle during the tensile testing, it exhibits ductile behaviors during the sliding wear process. The SEM and the EDS analyses of the wear tracks and the debris after the sliding wear processes indicate that the wear mechanism is a combination of abrasion, adhesion, and oxidation. It is found that the wear resistance is significantly affected by the normal loads. With the increases in the wear load, the wear loss and the friction coefficient decrease. In addition, it is found that the wear properties are significantly affected by the annealing conditions. Compared with the annealed BMG alloys, the as-cast BMG alloy with a low hardness exhibits good wear resistance, which is attributed to the better ductility during the wear testing.     

基于MEMS技术的胃肠道无线内窥镜的研究

胃肠道无线内窥镜主要用于胃肠道疾病的诊断。其核心部分为一可吞服的胃肠道摄像无线发射的药丸,可将摄取到的胃肠道图像通过调制以无线方式发送出体外,然后经过信号解调,还原出视频信号,由计算机进行图像采集和处理。研究的关键在于摄像药丸的微型化和无线传输图像的稳定性。利用MEMS技术可以大大缩小摄像电路和发射电路的尺寸,从而大大缩小摄像药丸的体积。