川中地区侏罗系致密砂岩储集层成因及“甜点”预测

四川盆地侏罗系凉高山组和沙溪庙组一段储集层,为典型的特低孔、特低渗致密砂岩储集层,非均质性强,“甜点”发育区预测难度大。为预测储集层“甜点”有利区,利用岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、包裹体分析等方法,开展了储集层特征及其形成机制研究。结果表明,四川盆地侏罗系致密砂岩储集层为相控砂体叠加中成岩期溶蚀作用而成,中后期构造裂缝提高了其储集能力。储集层“甜点”主要受沉积砂体、成岩溶蚀和构造裂缝控制,滩坝、分流河道和河口坝微相砂体溶蚀相与烃类充注相及裂缝发育的叠合区,为储集层“甜点”发育的有利区。凉高山组储集层“甜点”有利区分布于公山庙、龙岗—营山、莲池—充西等地区;沙一段储集层“甜点”有利区分布在公山庙、龙岗9井区、税家槽和大成—广安等地区。     

基于NS2的OBS网络仿真平台研究与实现

给出了一种基于NS-2的OBS网络仿真平台--OBS-NP(OBS-NS2-platform).该平台通过扩展NS-2中的节点类与链路类,支持对光突发交换(OBS)网络的运行及关键算法的仿真.在详细描述OBS-NP系统构成的基础上,以一个9节点OBS网络为基础,对网络中突发包的时延、吞吐量和资源利用率进行了仿真,并给出了突发包的路由信息.最后,对OBS-NP仿真结果的准确性进行了分析和讨论.     

Structural Studies of Anomalous Behavior in the Silica-Alumina Gel System

This paper compares the structure ofAl₂O₃-SiO₂ xerogels prepared with Al₂O₃ contents ranging from 21 to 75 wt% (13 to 64 mol%). The 47 wt% Al₂O₃ xerogel (Al/Si ≅ 1) exhibits anomalously low surface area (≅1 m²/g) and skeletal density compared with other Al₂O₃-Si₂ compositions. Based on the results of nitrogen adsorption/condensation, helium displacement, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we attribute the low surface area and skeletal density (density of the solid phase which is inaccessable to helium) to the formation of closed micropores, whereas the higher surface area materials exhibit a slightly coarser texture comprising open pores with radii of ≅1 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ²⁹SI and ²⁷Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MASNMR) indicate no anomalous behavior in the 47% sample on molecular length scales. HRTEM indicates the presence of a small fraction of crystallites which is supported by the SAXS results, but it is unknown if this crystallinity is related to low surface area. Low-field ¹H NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements show that the physical structure of all of the 'wet' gels is similar implying that pore closure occurs during drying. Consistent with this idea, gel surface area and density increased significantly when the pore fluid (water) was replaced with a lower surface tension fluid (formamide, dioxane, ethanol. water/surfactant).     

基于风电出力模糊集的电-气耦合系统分布鲁棒优化调度

随着可再生能源装机容量不断扩展及综合能源系统研究的持续推进,燃气轮机作为耦合元件加深了电力系统和天然气系统的相互融合,为可再生能源消纳提供了新的途径。针对随机规划方法、区间优化及鲁棒优化算法处理风电出力不确定性的不足,文中提出一种基于风电预测误差模糊集的分布鲁棒优化方法求解电力-天然气耦合系统的协同调度决策。首先,利用主成分分析法提取高维预测误差向量蕴含的时空尺度关联特性,并引入一系列矩函数描述预测误差的分布信息以构建相应的模糊集。然后,建立两阶段分布鲁棒优化经济调度模型,第1阶段制定日前机组开停机计划、调度出力及备用方案;第2阶段辨识最劣风电场景分布以保证第1阶段调度决策的有效性。结合线性决策规则和对偶理论将该半无限优化问题转化为有限维优化问题进行求解。最后,通过算例验证了所提模型及求解方法的有效性。     

Localization of intraorbital foreign bodies

A study was performed utilizing 3 mock eyes of different sizes to determine the precision and accuracy of 3 radiographic methods of localization of intraorbital foreign bodies. The Comberg method was found to be the most precise and accurate, next, the Sweet method, and then the modified spectacle frame method. However, the modified spectacle frame field expedient method of localization yielded a surprisingly high degree of accuracy in 2 of the 3 planes of reference, that is, mediolaterally and superointeriorly. A more accurate field expedient type of device which will permit greater accuracy in localization of intraorbital foreign bodies in the anteroposterior axis is currently under development.     

The pancreas in cystic fibrosis: chemical composition and comparative morphology

Sections of pancreas from 16 individuals who died with cystic fibrosis (CF) were classified by morphometric criteria into four categories in increasing order of pancreatic involvement. The concentration of acini, islets, main ducts, lobular ducts, connective tissue, and fat was compared with control levels. The results show that in the least involved pancreases, from neonates who died under 5 months of age, acini were reduced to 33% of control levels and the following were increased: islets, to 410%, lobular ducts, to 250%; and main ducts, to 1700% of controls. With increasing severity of the pancreatic disease the acini were further reduced to 5% and lobular ducts to 37% of control levels, respectively. Main ducts increased by 19-fold, and fatty infiltration accounted for more than 25% of the fresh weight of the pancreas in 9 of the 16 specimens. Comparative biochemical studies of 35 fibrocystic pancreases were quantitatively related to the severity of the pancreatic involvement as follows. Water and volatile matter, normally accounting for 80 +/-% of the weight of the fresh pancreas, was reduced to less than 30% in the most affected organs. The concentration of zinc diminished from near normal mean levels of 193 mugZn/g dry pancreas to 10% of this amount in the severely involved pancreas. Elevated concentrations of calcium, amounting to over 10 times control level, were found in obstructed ductal structures. Calcium was depleted from pancreatic sections adjacent to the obstructions. The following biochemical indicators were significantly different in their mean levels in the 35 fibrocystic pancreases when compared with the 17 controls: (P less than or equal to 0.001) fat, water, zinc, calcium, copper, magnesium, potassium, and sodium (P less than or equal to 0.01).     

The effects of castration on body composition, adipose tissue cellularity and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in adult male rats

Gonadal hormones affect body composition, food intake, weight gain and serum lipids in numerous species including man. In this study, mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated or sham-operated at 16 weeks of age. During the 6-week observation period with weekly records of food intake and weight gain, these parameters were significantly lower in the castrated group. The decrease in food intake in this group could not account for the difference in body weight between the groups, indicating a lower feed utilisation in the castrates. At sacrifice accessory reproductive organs, the levator ani muscle, thymus and adrenals were dissected for determination of organ weight and histology, revealing significant reductions in the accessory reproductive organs and levator ani of the castrates. The thymus was significantly heavier in the castrated animals. No differences were found in the adrenals. Two of the sham-operated animals had signs of accidental functional castration. The proportion of body cell mass and total lipid of the carcass was the same in both groups. Significant reductions in adipocyte weights were found in the epididymal depots of the castrated rats. Blood samples taken at sacrifice in pentobarbital anaesthesia were analysed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, FFA, glycerol and protein. Statistically significant reductions in triglycerides and protein were recorded in the castrated animals without any significant changes in the other parameters studied. The results are discussed with reference to the age of castration and the importance of the reduced food intake in castrated animals.     

Dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with mitral valve prolapse: a clue to pathogenesis

Fingerprints were obtained from 100 patients with mitral valve prolapse and compared with those of 100 control subjects matched for sex and race. Arches were found in 16.8 percent of all digital patterns in patients with mitral valve prolapse but in only 2.5 percent of all digits in the control group. Whereas no patient in the control group had four or more arches, 19 percent of patients with mitral valve prolapse had this finding. In addition, arches were found on 16 and 9 percent, respectively, of digits IV and V in patients with mitral valve prolapse but were not found on these digits in the control group. The finding of four or more arches or arches on digits IV or V may be important supportive evidence of mitral valve prolapse when evaluating patients with atypical chest pain and palpitations. Antenatal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse since it is possible that a genetic or environmental factor that interferes with the development of the mitral valve may also influence epidermal ridge patterns.     

外源质粒DNA对小鼠肝脏基因表达谱的影响

研究了外源质粒DNA经胃肠道吸收可能对肝脏产生的作用机制。给Balb／c小鼠灌胃质粒pcDNA3 200μg，在灌胃后4h分离肝脏，提取肝脏的总RNA。利用寡核苷酸芯片对灌胃质粒pcDNA3后的Balb／c小鼠肝脏进行基因表达谱研究。结果发现17664个基因中，表达上调100条，表达下调41条。按基因功能分类，表达上调的基因可分为免疫应答基因、转录因子基因、信号转导基因、转运相关基因及代谢相关基因等；表达下调的基因主要为脂质代谢基因。灌胃外源质粒DNA后，肝脏组织主要表现为急性时相反应的加强、免疫反应的活化、细胞信号通路的活化以及脂质代谢途径的抑制。表明外源质粒DNA通过胃肠道途径可广泛调控肝脏的基因表达。