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41.
42.
Seoijin Park R. Leavitt R. Enck V. Luciani Y. Hu P.J.S. Heim D. Bowler M. Dagenais 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(5):980-982
A semiconductor optical amplifier was developed for coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing (CWDM) operating over 1540-1620 nm (C-L band). A unique quantum-well structure was designed to meet the requirements for the CWDM operation such as wide bandwidth, low polarization-dependent gain, and high-saturation power at the short wavelength end of the band (1540 nm). Over the band, 24-dB maximum chip gain was obtained with less than 4.3-dB gain flatness and more than 14.6-dBm saturation power. 相似文献
43.
Ho A.N. Pantell R.H. Feinstein J. Huang Y.C. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1991,27(12):2650-2655
A novel wiggler design for use in free-electron lasers (FELs) is proposed, consisting of a staggered array of magnetic poles situated inside the bore of a solenoid. The resultant field pattern consists of a periodic transverse magnetic field on axis, as well as a longitudinal guide field. Such a wiggler has several advantages: the longitudinal field acts to confine the electrons near the FEL axis, high fields can be attained at short wiggler periods, the field strength is easily varied, and fabrication and testing of the wiggler are relatively easy. It is planned to use this wiggler design in a far infrared FEL to be built at Stanford University 相似文献
44.
The stability of five major phenolics, namely (−)-epicatechin (EC), procyanidin B2 (PC-B2), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP) and isoquercitrin (IQ), in hawthorn fruits and a canned hawthorn drink were evaluated during 6 months of storage in the dark at three different temperatures (4, 23 and 40 °C). HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. The results showed that the studied phenolics in the hawthorn fruits and the drink were both stable at 4 °C and relatively unstable at 23 and 40 °C with varied extents of degradation. At room temperature (23 °C), marked degradations of EC and PC-B2 were observed in both the fruits and the drink with around 50% and 30% decrease after a 6-month storage, respectively. A more significant decrease of the phenolics was observed at 40 °C, especially for EC and PC-B2, which were almost completely degraded after a 6-month storage. HP, IQ and ChA were relatively stable at 23 °C, but unstable at 40 °C. Therefore, low-temperature storage is recommended for maintaining the quality and efficacy of hawthorn fruits and its preparations. 相似文献
45.
The relatively fast diffusion of Au atoms in eutectic PbSn matrix is considered one of the contributing factors to the Au
embrittlement problem. In this study, we further investigated the Au embrittlement problem in high-Sn solders. Experimentally,
Sn3.5Ag (wt.%) spheres with 500-μm diameter were soldered over the Au/Ni soldering pads. It was found that some of the AuSn4 needles that formed after reflow inside the solder migrated back to the solder/pad interface during thermal aging. However,
the migration kinetics in high-Sn solders was slower compared to that in eutectic PbSn. The difference in migration kinetics
of AuSn4 in eutectic PbSn and SnAg was ascribed to the difference in the magnitudes of the Au flux and the Ni flux. In eutectic PbSn,
the Au flux was much greater than that of the Ni flux, and the Au and Ni flux were in the same order of magnitude in eutectic
SnAg. The relative magnitude of the Au and Ni flux changed in eutectic PbSn and SnAg because the homologous temperatures of
PbSn and SnAg were different. 相似文献
46.
47.
Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in SBR and SBBR with different ammonium loading rates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dong-Seog Kim No-Sung Jung Young-Seek Park 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(4):793-800
Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the deterioration of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) due
to influent ammonium concentration, and to compare the performance of two types of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems,
a conventional SBR and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Both in SBR and SBBR, the total nitrogen removal efficiency
decreased from 100% to 53% and from 87.5% to 54.4%, respectively, with the increase of influent ammonium concentration from
20 mg/l to 80 mg/l. When the influent ammonium concentration was as low as 20 mg/l (C: N: P=200: 20: 15), denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms (DGAOs) were successfully grown and activated by using
glucose as a sole carbon source in a lab-scale anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (A2O) SBR. In the SBR, due to the effect of incomplete denitrification and pH drop, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency
decreased from 77% to 33.3% when the influent ammonium concentration increased from 20 mg/l to 80 mg/l. However, in the SBBR, simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) occurred, and the nitrification rate in the aerobic
phase did not change remarkably in spite of the increase in influent ammonium concentration. Phosphorus removal was not affected
by the increase of influent ammonium concentration. 相似文献
48.
Sun-Hwa Yeon Jeasung Park Youngjune Park Sukjeong Choi Kyuchul Shin Jiwoong Seol Minjun Cha Huen Lee 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(1):154-157
Clathrate compounds are crystalline materials formed by a physical interaction between host and relatively light guest molecules.
Various types of nano-sized cages surrounded by host frameworks exist in the highly unique crystalline structures and free
guest molecules are entrapped in an open host-guest network. Recently, we reported two peculiar phenomena, swapping and tuning,
naturally occurring in the hydrate cages. Helium, one of the smallest light guest molecules, must be the challengeable material
in the sense of physics and moreover possesses versatile applications in the field of superconductivity technology and thermonuclear
industry. In this regard, we attempted for the first time to synthesize helium hydrates at moderate temperature and pressure
conditions. According to inclusion phenomena, helium itself normally cannot form clathrate hydrates due to being too small
molecularly without the help of hydrate former molecules (sI, sII, and sH formers). In this study, the hydrate equilibria
of the binary clathrate hydrate containing tetrahydrofuran, helium, and water were determined at 2, 3, 5.56 THF mol%. Direct
volumetric measurements were also carried out to confirm the exact amount of helium captured in the hydrate cages. Finally,
the crystalline structure of the formed mixed hydrates was identified by powder X-ray diffraction, resulting in structure
II. 相似文献
49.
Eun‐Soo Park 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,110(3):1723-1729
Silicone rubber (SR) foams were prepared by the peroxide curing of a silicone compound with 2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCBP), di‐t‐butyl peroxide (DTBP), or 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(t‐butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a blowing agent. The cells were formed in the foam as a result of nitrogen produced by the decomposition of AIBN during the foaming process. The cell size, hardness, and tensile properties of the SR foams were examined as a function of the peroxide concentration. When the peroxide concentration increased, the hardness and tensile strength of the SR foams increased, whereas the cell size and elongation at break decreased. The antibacterial activity of the prepared foams was also evaluated via their effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The peroxide‐cured SR foams had antibacterial activity because a toxic residue was generated by the peroxide decomposition. The foam prepared by the AIBN/DCBP system showed more antibacterial activity than the AIBN/DBPH and AIBN/DTBP ones. However, after postcuring at 250°C for 2 h, the antibacterial activity of the SR foams significantly decreased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
50.
Steel dowel bar is used to transfer loads in concrete pavement slab. However, once the steel dowel bar corrodes, it may cause faults, such as joint freezing in concrete pavement, level differences resulting from spalling or decreased efficiency of load transfer, etc., which are the same problems experienced by typical reinforcing steel. This study evaluated the applicability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) dowel bar as a substitute for steel dowel bar. A microstructural analysis was conducted to examine the decrease in durability of GFRP dowel bar exposed to deterioration environments. To analyze the deterioration mechanism of GFRP dowel bar, scanning electron microscopy was employed and the porosity was measured by the gas absorption method. It was concluded that the longer the GFRP dowel bar was exposed to deterioration environments, the more the interlaminar shear stress decreased. This result was validated by the microstructural analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献