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991.
Design of forging process variables under uncertainties 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jalaja Repalle Ramana V. Grandhi 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(1):123-131
Forging is a complex nonlinear process that is vulnerable to various manufacturing anomalies, such as variations in billet
geometry, billet/die temperatures, material properties, and workpiece and forging equipment positional errors. A combination
of these uncertainties could induce heavy manufacturing losses through premature die failure, final part geometric distortion,
and reduced productivity. Identifying, quantifying, and controlling the uncertainties will reduce variability risk in a manufacturing
environment, which will minimize the overall production cost. In this article, various uncertainties that affect the forging
process are identified, and their cumulative effect on the forging tool life is evaluated. Because the forging process simulation
is time-consuming, a response surface model is used to reduce computation time by establishing a relationship between the
process performance and the critical process variables. A robust design methodology is developed by incorporating reliability-based
optimization techniques to obtain sound forging components. A case study of an automotive-component forging-process design
is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method. 相似文献
992.
Nikolaos Petsas Giorgos Kouzilos Giorgos Papapanos Michalis Vardavoulias Angeliki Moutsatsou 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2007,16(2):214-219
The purpose of the present work was the investigation and characterization of the quality of air in a thermal spray industry,
in Greece. The activities that take place in the specific facility, as well as in most other similar industries, include thermal
spraying and several mechanical and metallurgical tasks that generate airborne particles, such as grit-blasting, cutting and
grinding of metallic components. Since the main focus of this work was the workers exposure to airborne particles and heavy
metals, portable air samplers with quartz fiber filters, were used daily for 8 h. Three samplers, carried from different employees,
were used for a period of 1 month. Results showed that both particles and heavy metals concentrations were low, even in the
production site, which was the most susceptible area. The only exceptions were observed in the case of cleaning and maintenance
activities in the thermal spray booth and in the case of spraying outside the booth. The main reason for the low concentrations
is the fact that most of the activities that could produce high-particle concentrations are conducted in closed, well-ventilated
systems. Statistical elaboration of results showed that particles are correlated with Ni, Cu, Co. The same conclusion is extracted
for Fe, Mn. These correlations indicate possible common sources. 相似文献
993.
Yoon -Suk Choi Sung -Joon Kim Ik -Min Park Kwang -Woo Kwon In -Suk Yoo 《Metals and Materials International》1997,3(2):118-124
Boron distribution in a low-alloy steel (15B26:0.25C-0.29Cr-0.03Ti-0.028Al-0.0016B) has been characterized employing Fission
Track Etching (FTE) method. The characteristics of boron distribution with variation of cooling rate after austenitization
and through case-hardened depth after carburization were analyzed. Hardenability of 15B26 steel was also evaluated through
Jominy-end-quench test and the results are as follows: It was observed that, in austenitized 15B26 steel, boron was distributed
uniformly over the whole area of specimen with a little segregation along the austenite grain boundaries at higher cooling
rates and boron precipitates were formed in the intergranular as well as transgranular regions at lower cooling rates. Jominy
equivalents (HRC 35) of 15B26 steel were fairly increased between the Jominy temperatures of 820°C and 850°C, which might
result from the increase of the amount of soluble boron in austenite due to the dissolution of borocarbides between 820°C
and 850°C. In carburized 15B26 steel, the different through thickness features of boron distribution from the carburized surface
were found; coarse nodular boron precipitates up to the depth of 150 μm; uniform distribution of dissolved boron between 150~650
μm; and segregation of boron atoms along grain boundaries in the regions deeper than 650 μm. 相似文献
994.
995.
Ming Zhou Henry Hu Naiyi Li Jason Lo 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(4):539-545
High-pressure die cast magnesium alloy AM50 is currently used extensively in large and complex shaped thin-wall automotive
components. For further expansion of the alloy usage in automobiles, novelmanufacturing processes need to be developed. In
this study, squeeze casting of AM50 alloy with a relatively thick cross section was carried out using a hydraulic press with
an applied pressure of 70 MPa. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeeze cast AM50 with a cross-section thickness
of 10 mm were characterized in comparison with the die cast counterpart. The squeeze cast AM50 alloy exhibits virtually no
porosity in the microstructure as evaluated by both optical microscopy and the density measurement technique. The results
of tensile testing indicate the improved tensile properties, specifically ultimate tensile strength and elongation, for the
squeeze cast samples over the conventional high-pressure die cast parts. The analysis of tensile behavior show that the strain-hardening
rate during the plastic deformation of the squeeze cast specimens is constantly higher than that of the die cast specimens.
The scanning electron microscopy fractography evidently reveals the ductile fracture features of the squeeze cast alloy AM50. 相似文献
996.
Young?Ah?JeonEmail author Kwang?Soo?No Jong?Sung?Kim Young?Soo?Yoon 《Metals and Materials International》2003,9(4):383-387
ZnO films for electronic applications were deposited by radio-frequency (rf) sputtering onto various metal bottom electrodes
(Pt/Ti, W, Ni) to investigate such structural properties as crystallinity and surface morphology. The crystallinity, surface
morphology and composition of the as-deposited films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry (RBS), respectively. The preferred orientation and surface morphologies
were strongly influenced by the type of bottom electrodes. The ZnO films with (200) texturing deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si showed a smoother and smaller grain size than those deposited on W and Ni. The ZnO films on Pt and W electrodes exhibited
compressive residual stress.
This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials”,
organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei
University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002. 相似文献
997.
Edward J. Daniels Joseph A. CarpenterJr. Claudia Duranceau Michael Fisher Candace Wheeler Gerald Winslow 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(8):28-32
Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75%
of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials
recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share
of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present
special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles
continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the
U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses
this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling.
For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393,
Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov. 相似文献
998.
D. Galvan V. Ocelík Y. Pei B. J. Kooi Jeff Th. M. De Hosson E. Ramous 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(4):406-412
TiB/Ti-6Al-4V metal-matrix composite (MMC) layers were produced on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by laser cladding. A TiB2/Ti powder mixture was used as a precursor to obtain a dispersion of TiB needles in the Ti alloy matrix, with the aid of an
exothermic reaction between TiB2 and Ti. A eutectic microstructure was obtained that consisted of an extremely homogeneous dispersion of TiB eutectic needles
in the Ti alloy matrix, having a volume fraction as high as 0.33. Also, an equilibrium-like microstructure was found, consisting
of a dispersion of both primary and eutectic TiB needles inside the Ti alloy matrix. An analysis of the geometry of the layers
was performed and proved successful in determining the percentage of B. Further, it correctly predicted the variation of atomic
B content as a function of laser power. The relative wear resistance coefficient, defined as the wear coefficient of the uncoated
matrix divided by that of coating, shows an improvement by a factor as high as 1500 for the eutectic microstructure.
This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September
15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appeared on pp. 411–18 of the Proceedings. 相似文献
999.
Lars Arnberg Ragnvald H. Mathiesen 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2007,59(8):20-26
The directional solidification of thin alloy sheets in a Bridgman furnace has been studied by x-radiography using high-brilliance
synchrotron x-radiation in combination with a low-noise, fast-readout camera. Spatial resolutions down to 1.5 μm and a temporal
resolution of about 0.15 s have permitted real-time video microscopy of microstructural evolution during columnar and equiaxed
dendrite growth and eutectic and monotectic growth. The technique has also allowed for direct observations of important solidification
phenomena such as dendrite fragmentation and porosity formation, primarily in aluminium alloys. As a result, insights have
been gained into mechanisms of dendrite fragmentation, criteria for dendrite tip kinetics and interface stability during transient
growth, and microstructure formation mechanisms during monotectic solidification. The results are expected to be important
for validation of dendrite growth models. This paper presents a review of the technique as well as examples of images obtained
during solidification of aluminum alloys. 相似文献
1000.
The effects of joint design on the mechanical properties of AL7075-T6 aluminum sheet were studied on the latest automated
gas-tungsten arc-welding system. Using ER5356 filler metal, full-penetration welds were made on workpieces with various included
joint angles. Testing of the mechanical properties of the joints was done in the as-welded, naturally aged, and postweld heat-treated
conditions. The results show that by using crack-resistant filler, and by selecting the proper joint design and postweld heat
treatment, strong, dependable welds can be produced on thin AL7075 sheet material. An elasticity model of the weld joint was
established to help understand the mechanical behavior of the joints. An undermatched joint design is shown to be capable
of achieving a joint strength that matches the strength of the base alloy. 相似文献