The implementation of TS MAC (transmitter station monitor, alarmand control) system for digital DBS system

The implementation of TS MAC system for KOREASAT DBS (direct broadcast satellite) system is presented. This TS MAC controls and monitors the status of the TS equipment and gathers the alarm for them. The advantage of this system is the center-concentrated, real time processing, remote control, and object oriented module decomposing     

Improvement of linewidth enhancement factor in 1.55-μmmultiple-quantum-well laser diodes

The improvement of the linewidth enhancement factor in complex-coupled laser diode (CC-LD), or loss-coupled, was confirmed by measuring the spontaneous emission spectra below threshold from the sidewall of laser diodes. In addition, the serial resistance of the device was measured. The linewidth enhancement factor is improved by the presence of a light absorbing InGaAs grating for loss coupled distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD). We report the comparison of the linewidth enhancement factors of Fabry-Perot (FP) LD, conventional DFB-LD, and loss coupled DFB-LDs     

Motion based object tracking with mobile camera

An efficient algorithm which detects and tracks a moving object is proposed. The global motion energy caused by camera movement is eliminated by finding the maximal matching position with the cross-correlation value between two consecutive frames using the spiral scanning technique. The region of a moving object is segmented exactly by combining the results of the temporal derivatives and edge map from one image, and the actual centroid of the moving object is determined as the mid-point of the cumulative distribution of the projection profile of the region     

Electromagnetic wave absorber with wide-band frequencycharacteristics using exponentially tapered ferrite

As a countermeasure of EMI or EMC, various types of electromagnetic wave absorbers are used. A wide-band design method of an electromagnetic wave absorber with using exponentially tapered ferrite, which has very wide-band frequency characteristics, is proposed and discussed. The wide-band electromagnetic wave absorber can be designed under some approximations by the theoretical model using the equivalent material constants (equivalent complex permittivity and permeability) method for the regions varying spatially in the shape of ferrite. Based on the model, wide-band electromagnetic wave absorbers with taper, which have not only excellent reflectivity frequency characteristics but also a bandwidth of 30 MHz to 2150 MHz or 2430 MHz under the tolerance limits of -20 dB reflectivity, were designed     

Dynamic Oscillation via Negative Differential Resistance in Type III Junction Organic/Two-Dimensional and Oxide/Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Diodes

Among many of 2D semiconductor-based devices, type III PN junction diodes are given special attentions due to their unique function, negative differential resistance (NDR). However, it has been found uneasy to achieve well-matched type III PN junctions from 2D–2D van der Waals heterojunctions. Here, the authors present other alternatives of type III heterojunctions, using 2D p-MoTe₂/organic n-type dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and 2D p-WSe₂/n-MoO_x systems. Those junction diodes appear to well-demonstrate static and dynamic NDR behavior via resonant tunneling and electron–hole recombination. Extended to an inverter circuit, p-MoTe₂/n-HAT-CN diode enables multilevel inverter characteristics as monolithically integrated with p-MoTe₂ channel field effect transistor. The same NDR diode shows dynamic LC oscillation behavior under a constant DC voltage, connected to an external inductor. From p-WSe₂/n-MoO_x oxide diode, similar NDR behavior to those of p-MoTe₂/n-HAT-CN is again observed along with LC oscillations. The authors attribute these visible oscillation results to high peak-to-valley current ratios of their organic or oxide/2D heterojunction diodes.     

Progressive NO2 Sensors with Rapid Alarm and Persistent Memory-Type Responses for Wide-Range Sensing Using Antimony Triselenide Nanoflakes

Antimony triselenide (Sb₂Se₃) nanoflake-based nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sensors exhibit a progressive bifunctional gas-sensing performance, with a rapid alarm for hazardous highly concentrated gases, and an advanced memory-type function for low-concentration (<1 ppm) monitoring repeated under potentially fatal exposure. Rectangular and cuboid shaped Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes, comprising van der Waals planes with large surface areas and covalent bond planes with small areas, can rapidly detect a wide range of NO₂ gas concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ppm. These Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes are found to be suitable for physisorption-based gas sensing owing to their anisotropic quasi-2D crystal structure with extremely enlarged van der Waals planes, where they are humidity-insensitive and consequently exhibit an extremely stable baseline current. The Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor exhibits a room-temperature/low-voltage operation, which is noticeable owing to its low energy consumption and rapid response even under a NO₂ gas flow of only 1 ppm. As a result, the Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor is suitable for the development of a rapid alarm system. Furthermore, the persistent gas-sensing conductivity of the sensor with a slow decaying current can enable the development of a progressive memory-type sensor that retains the previous signal under irregular gas injection at low concentrations.     

Magnetically Guidable Proteinaceous Adhesive Microbots for Targeted Locoregional Therapeutics Delivery in the Highly Dynamic Environment of the Esophagus

The esophagus is a tubular-shaped muscular organ where swallowed fluids and muscular contractions constitute a highly dynamic environment. The turbulent, coordinated processes that occur through the oropharyngeal conduit can often compromise targeted administration of therapeutic drugs to a lesion, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, magnetically guidable drug vehicles capable of strongly adhering to target sites using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) to achieve localized delivery of therapeutic drugs against the hydrodynamic physiological conditions are proposed. A suite of highly uniform microparticles embedded with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (MAP@IO MPs) is microfluidically fabricated using the genipin-mediated covalent cross-linking of bioengineered MAP. The MAP@IO MPs are successfully targeted to a specific region and prolongedly retained in the tubular-structured passageway. In particular, orally administered MAP@IO MPs are effectively captured in the esophagus in vivo in a magnetically guidable manner. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded MAP@IO MPs exhibit a sustainable DOX release profile, effective anticancer therapeutic activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the magnetically guidable locomotion and robust underwater adhesive properties of the proteinaceous soft microbots can provide an intelligent modular approach for targeted locoregional therapeutics delivery to a specific lesion site in dynamic fluid-associated tubular organs such as the esophagus.     

A Copper/Polyimide Fabrication Process for Fabricating High-Inductance Microinductor

This paper reports on a technological process that combines copper as conductor, permalloy as magnetic core material, and polyimide as insulation material to complete a microinductor on glass with high inductance. The shape of the magnetic core scheme was rectangular, of which the width of the long side and short side were 1.4 and 0.6 mm, respectively. The dimensions of the inductor are 3.86 mm times 3.94 mm times 90 mum with coil width of 20 mum and space of 35 mum. The results show that the maximum inductance is 4 muH at 1 MHz, and the maximum quality factor (Q-factor) is 1.5 at 2 MHz.     

A weakness in the Bresson-Chevassut-Essiari-Pointcheval's Group Key Agreement scheme for low-power mobile devices

In this letter, we show that Bresson-Chevassut-Essiari-Pointcheval's Group Key Agreement scheme does not meet the main security properties: implicit key authentication, forward secrecy and known key security. Also, we propose an improved version, which fixes the security flaws, found in the scheme.     

Harmonic decomposition in PDE-based denoising technique for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography

Recent progress in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) research via simulation and biological tissue phantom studies have shown that conductivity images with higher spatial resolution and accuracy are achievable. In order to apply MREIT to human subjects, one of the important remaining problems to be solved is to reduce the amount of the injection current such that it meets the electrical safety regulations. However, by limiting the amount of the injection current according to the safety regulations, the measured MR data such as the z-component of magnetic flux density Bz in MREIT tend to have low SNR and get usually degraded in their accuracy due to the nonideal data acquisition system of an MR scanner. Furthermore, numerical differentiations of the measured Bz required by the conductivity image reconstruction algorithms tend to further deteriorate the quality and accuracy of the reconstructed conductivity images. In this paper, we propose a denoising technique that incorporates a harmonic decomposition. The harmonic decomposition is especially suitable for MREIT due to the physical characteristics of Bz. It effectively removes systematic and random noises, while preserving important key features in the MR measurements, so that improved conductivity images can be obtained. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed denoising technique is effective for MREIT, producing significantly improved quality of conductivity images. The denoising technique will be a valuable tool in MREIT to reduce the amount of the injection current when it is combined with an improved MREIT pulse sequence.