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31.
In this paper, we investigated an approach for robots to learn to adapt dance actions to human’s preferences through interaction and feedback. Human’s preferences were extracted by analysing the common action patterns with positive or negative feedback from the human during robot dancing. By using a buffering technique to store the dance actions before a feedback, each individual’s preferences can be extracted even when a reward is received late. The extracted preferred dance actions from different people were then combined to generate improved dance sequences, i.e. performing more of what was preferred and less of that was not preferred. Together with Softmax action-selection method, the Sarsa reinforcement learning algorithm was used as the underlining learning algorithm and to effectively control the trade-off between exploitation of the learnt dance skills and exploration of new dance actions. The results showed that the robot learnt, using interactive reinforcement learning, the preferences of human partners, and the dance improved with the extracted preferences from more human partners. 相似文献
32.
Electrically and thermally conductive resins can be produced by adding conductive fillers to insulating polymers. Mechanical properties, such as tensile modulus, are also important. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and tensile testing of carbon‐filled nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate‐based resins. The three carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and a milled pitch–based carbon fiber. For each polymer, resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single‐carbon fillers. In addition, combinations of fillers were investigated by conducting a full 23 factorial design and a complete replicate in each polymer. These tensile modulus experimental results were then compared to results predicted by several different models. For the composites containing only one filler type, the Nielsen model with the modified Ψ term provided the best prediction of the actual experimental values. For the composites containing more than one filler type, a new parameter, which includes the vibrated bulk density (VBD) of the fillers, was incorporated into the Nielsen model with the modified Ψ term. This model with the new VBD parameter provided the best estimate of experimental tensile modulus for composites containing multiple‐filler types. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1716–1728, 2003 相似文献
33.
Squash, like other Cucurbitaceae, have unique sterol profiles that offer an excellent opportunity to examine the relationship
between sterol biosynthesis and plant growth. To determine the effect of sterol biosynthesis inhibition on squash growth,
Cucurbita maxima seedlings with and without cotyledons were subjected to increasing concentrations of the cycloartenol synthase
(EC 5.4.99.8) inhibitor 3β-(2-diethylaminoethoxy) androstenone (U18666A). Inhibition of shoot growth was concentration-dependent
(from 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 μM); plants with intact cotyledons grew to 26.4, 23.7, 21.6, 20.0, and 15.6 cm, respectively, at
the above inhibitor concentrations, compared to 25.5, 19.4, 17.0, 12.0, and 11 cm for plants with severed cotyledons. In plants
with severed cotyledons, 10 and 20 μM U18666A caused rapid necrosis of the first two, newly emerged, primary leaves, and halted
new leaf formation. Secondary root formation was initially affected at all inhibitor concentrations regardless of whether
cotyledons were present or not. Vegetative tissue showed a decrease in the accumulation of the major squash sterol, 7, 22-stigmastadienol,
accompanied by increased accumulation of minor sterol components. Sterol profiles in cotyledons were unaltered. The data show
that sterols are crucial for maintaining plant growth and viability, but do not address the cotyledonary effect on growth
with respect to sterol biosynthesis.
Based on a paper presented at the Symposium on the “Regulation of Biosynthesis and Function of Isopentenoids”, Atlanta, Georgia,
May 1994. 相似文献
34.
A. Hebeish A. Waly N. Y. Abou-Zeid N. A. Ibrahim M. H. El-Rafie A. T. El-Aref A. Bayazeed 《大分子材料与工程》1984,120(1):119-148
Conditions were established to introduce almost equal and reproduciple amounts of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) substituents into the molecular structure of scoured cotton (substrate I), slack mercerized cotton (substrate II), slack mercerized-stretched (94%, substrate III), and slack mercerized-stretched (103%, substrate IV) cotton. Similarities between the original structures of these substrates before and after the chemical modification were assessed by X-ray analysis. Comparison between the DEAE cottons and the corresponding unmodified cottons upon acid hydrolysis with respect to moisture regain, loss in weight and degree of polymerization was also made. Chemical analysis was used to study the compositions and structures of the hydrolyzates (i.e., hydrocelluloses and solublized fractions) resulting from hydrolysis of the modified cottons with 2.5 N HCl under reflux for different lengths of time. Studies of rates of hydrolysis of the cellulose, rates of removal of substituted glucoses and rates of removal of individual types of substituted glucose units were considered as means to provide information regarding: (a) distribution of DEAE substitutents throughout the structure of cellulose, (b) nature of accessible regions where the DEAE substituents are developed, and (c) selective availability of the hydroxyl groups at C-2, C-3 and C-6 of the D-glucopyranosyl units in the cellulose elementary fibril. 相似文献
35.
Dyeing of wool and wool/polyacrylic fabrics with an acid dye, namely, Kiton Scarlet 4 R, was carried out in absence or presence of different redox systems. The latter were based on sodium, potassium, or ammonium peroxodisulphate or potassium periodate as oxidant and glucose, sodium thiosulphate, potassium pyrosulphite or thiourea as reductant. Regardless of the redox system used, the colour strength was far greater in presence than in absence of the redox system. Except in case of potassium periodate/glucose redox system, increasing the oxidant concentration up to 0.03 mol/l caused significant enhancement in colour strength. The same was observed upon increasing the temperature from 30 to 60°C as well as the time from 10 to 40 minutes. It is postulated that presence of the redox system alters the mode of dye attachment to the substrate. Association of the dye with the substrate, wool in particular, seems to involve covalent bonding beside the usual salt-linkage. Hence the approach presented is advantageous in producing dyeings with much higher colour strength and dye fixation at relatively low temperature. 相似文献
36.
Extant research has focused on monitoring the behaviour of people who use mobile banking (MB) but it has paid little attention to understanding the impact of information technology usage behaviour due to cultural differences. Humans are the weakest link in information technology adoption; past research has shown that not all users are predisposed to change their behaviour radically and adopt new channels of banking. This paper examines the demographic patterns of users and non-users of MB. The paper also investigates the attitudinal influences of users and non-users of MB based on innovation attributes. Using empirical research, the study identifies constructs of innovation attributes that were perceived to be significantly different among the users and non-users of MB. The study provides valuable insights into MB in Saudi Arabia that have not been previously investigated. From a practical point, findings of this study will be particularly useful to banks, financial institutions and telecommunication service providers. 相似文献
37.
Sibel Irmak Halil Ibrahim Yavuz Oktay Erbatur 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2006,63(3-4):243-248
Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (PCOC), a refractory toxic chemical emitted to the environment from the industrial production of phenoxy herbicides was studied in aqueous solution. Electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes were used as the degradation methods. H2O2, produced by the reduction of oxygen at carbon cathode reacted with dissolved metal ions to form hydroxyl radicals, which in turn reacted with PCOC sequentially to degrade the aromatic ring. The effects of using different [Fe2+]/[PCOC]0 and the effect of replacing Fe2+ by Mn2+ ion have been examined. It was found that degradation rate was increased with increasing [Fe2+]/[PCOC]0 ratio from 2 to 4. However, the total charge utilized during the treatment was also increased. The efficiency of PCOC degradation was observed to be higher when Mn2+ was used as the catalyst. The mineralization of aqueous solutions of PCOC, withdrawn from the reactor at certain time interval, has been followed by total organic carbon (TOC) decay and dechlorination. A fast and complete degradation of the aromatic ring was achieved in photoelectro-Fenton system. 41.7% TOC decay and complete dechlorination were observed by consuming only 141.4 C electrical charge during a 300 min photoelectron-Fenton treatment. In the case of electro-Fenton system, 280.7 C electrical charge was consumed during 450 min of electrolysis to attain a similar degradation of PCOC. 14.9% TOC removal and 89.3% dechlorination have been obtained in this system under the applied conditions. 相似文献
38.
M. M. Morad A. H. El-Tamimi A. H. Rady S. S. Ibrahim 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1980,82(3):122-124
The oil extracted from tomato seeds and the resultant cake were evaluated. The whole seeds were analyzed for the gross composition. The oil extracted with hexane was examined for its physical and chemical properties. The residual meal was evaluated for the gross, minerals and amino acids. The obtained results were compared with those of cotton seeds. 相似文献
39.
ABSTRACTIn this study, an Egyptian siliceous/calcareous sedimentary phosphorite was subjected to beneficiation by unsophisticated economic means. The mineralogical and chemical examination showed that the ore sample is a typical example for the East Mediterranean phosphorites with 21.80% P2O5, 10.93% acid insoluble and 16.61% loss on ignition. The primary crushed sample was classified into three size fractions without any milling and they were separately subjected to an integrated attrition scrubbing study. Screening and classification on the 2.30 mm and 0.071 mm sieves were sequentially introduced with the attrition process. The effect of solid%, attrition speed and time were studied and optimized for each size fraction. Results showed that three products were produced and could be categorized according to their P2O5 content into the coarse tailing (+2.30 mm), the attrition concentrate (?2.30 + 0.071 mm) and the phosphate fines (?0.071 mm). The P2O5 contents of these products reached 12.24%, 28.72% and 18.77%, with P2O5 distribution reached 6.74%, 51.75% and 41.51%, respectively. A global P2O5 of 28.72% was obtained with a recovery of about 52%. A tentative flow-sheet for the whole process was postulated. 相似文献
40.
The conventional pad-dry-cure method was used for effecting crosslinking of cotton with N-methylol finishing agents under different conditions. Factors studied include nature and concentration of finishing agent and softener, type and concentration of catalyst, and curing temperatures. Variation of soiling and soil release characteristics of crosslinked cotton with these factors were investigated. The effect of finishing agent on aqueous soiling followed the order: Carbamate reactant-fabric > Dimethylolethylene urea-fabric > Dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea-fabric > Untreated fabric > Modified triazinone-fabric ≥ Modified ethylene urea-fabric. On the other hand, the effect of these finishing agents was to enhance the susceptibility of the fabric to oily soiling. Nevertheless, nature of the finishing agent governed the magnitude of this enhancement. Aqueous and oily soil release depended also upon the nature of finishing agent, soiling increased and soil release decreased by increasing finishing agent concentration. Type of catalyst exerted a considerable influence on aqueous and oily soil release without significantly affecting the degree of soiling. For aqueous soil release, the following order was found: Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O > MgCl2 · 6H2O > urea nitrate > ZnCl2 · 6H2O > Zn(NO3)2 · 6H2O > urea phosphate > urea oxalate > NH4 · H2PO4 ≥ NH4Cl. A reverse order held good for oily soil release. Both aqueous and oily soil release were impaired by increasing catalyst concentration. Similarly, nature and concentration of the softener had no striking effect on soiling while they did on soil release. Raising the curing temperature from 80 to 140°C caused substantial reduction in case of soil removal of urea salts catalyzed-crosslinked cotton samples while having the degree of soiling practically intact. 相似文献