Air quality work at Guelph: GAViM and a traffic tunnel study

The Guelph Aerosol and Visibility Monitoring (GAViM) program presently runs three monitoring sites: two rural sites compatible with the IMPROVE protocol and one urban site mostly for special comparison studies. Fine aerosol is analyzed by the Laser Integrated Plate Method (LIPM), Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA), Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and gravimetric analysis. Air quality data from the presently running sites and from two rural sites operated in the past are available through the WWW. The Guelph Scanning Proton Laboratory also participates in other aerosol programs: PIXE was employed to determine the composition of the ambient aerosol in a Vancouver traffic tunnel, to identify the main emission sources and to make estimates of vehicle emission factors. The PIXE facility was also modified for analysis of size-fractionated samples from the PIXE International Cascade Impactor (PCI) sampler. Significant improvement in detection limits for light elements due to the two-detector PIXE system used in Guelph, was justified particularly because of low air particulate loadings in case of PCI.     

弹性金属塑料瓦推力轴承的滑移问题研究

本文对流体力学的经典雷诺方程中固液界面无滑移假设对于弹性金属塑料瓦的适用性提出疑问，从理论上论证在一些表面能低的聚合物表面存在滑移的可能性，并进行对比实验，实验证明在聚四氟乙烯与润滑油的界面上存在滑移现象，发现滑移是在剪切速率和油膜厚度达到一定值才出现的，滑移速度随着转速的提高和膜厚的减小而增大。在分析以聚四氟乙烯为表面的弹性金属塑料轴瓦的润滑机理时，应当对雷诺方程进行修正，计入滑移因素的影响。     

Low energy electron storage ring with tunable compaction factor

A low energy electron storage ring is designed to have many desirable properties, such as varying momentum compaction factor, damping partition numbers, favorable betatron tunes for multiturn accumulations, and excellent dynamic aperture. This storage ring can be used for debunching rf linac beams in one turn, for compression of linac pulses, and more importantly for a compact photon source based on inverse Compton scattering of laser beams.     

Unfolding core asymmetries with x-ray emission images in symmetry diagnostic experiments

A novel inversion technique is proposed to unfold core asymmetries at the source with x-ray emission images, which were obtained from imploded surrogate capsules in symmetry diagnostic experiments. The axisymmetrical core emission can be expanded as a Fourier series, with Legendre polynomials and spherical Bessel functions as bases concerned with polar angle and radius, respectively. A least-squares estimator is employed to obtain the unknown coefficients from its two-dimensional image data. The unfolded Legendre coefficients can be further used to test modeling of drive asymmetries in hohlraums. This technique is also demonstrated with a proof-of-principle experiment performed on the Shenguang II laser facility [L. Zunqi et al., Chin. J. Lasers B10, 6 (2001)].     

ASTUDY OF VALENCE OF YTTRIUM IN Y_2O_3 Mo CATHODE

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Manufacturing and measurement of freeform optics

Freeform optics is the next-generation of modern optics, bringing advantages of excellent optical performance and system integration. It finds wide applications in various fields, such as new energy, illumination, aerospace and biomedical engineering. The manufacturing of freeform optics is an integrated technology involving optical design, machining, moulding, measurement and characterization. This paper surveys the current application status and research on major technologies in details.     

Progression and Dissemination of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Infection in a Susceptible Immunocompetent Mouse Model

Pulmonary infections caused by the group of nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are a growing public health concern with incidence and mortality steadily increasing globally. Granulomatous inflammation is the hallmark of MAC lung infection, yet reliable correlates of disease progression, susceptibility, and resolution are poorly defined. Unlike widely used inbred mouse strains, mice that carry the mutant allele at the genetic locus sst1 develop human-like pulmonary tuberculosis featuring well-organized caseating granulomas. We characterized pulmonary temporospatial outcomes of intranasal and left intrabronchial M. avium spp. hominissuis (M.av) induced pneumonia in B6.Sst1S mice, which carries the sst1 mutant allele. We utilized traditional semi-quantitative histomorphological evaluation, in combination with fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (fmIHC), whole slide imaging, and quantitative digital image analysis. Followingintrabronchiolar infection with the laboratory M.av strain 101, the B6.Sst1S pulmonary lesions progressed 12–16 weeks post infection (wpi), with plateauing and/or resolving disease by 21 wpi. Caseating granulomas were not observed during the study. Disease progression from 12–16 wpi was associated with increased acid-fast bacilli, area of secondary granulomatous pneumonia lesions, and Arg1+ and double positive iNOS+/Arg1+ macrophages. Compared to B6 WT, at 16 wpi, B6.Sst1S lungs exhibited an increased area of acid-fast bacilli, larger secondary lesions with greater Arg1+ and double positive iNOS+/Arg1+ macrophages, and reduced T cell density. This morphomolecular analysis of histologic correlates of disease progression in B6.Sst1S could serve as a platform for assessment of medical countermeasures against NTM infection.