基于多流多状态动态贝叶斯网络的音视频连续语音识别

语音和唇部运动的异步性是多模态融合语音识别的关键问题,该文首先引入一个多流异步动态贝叶斯网络(MS-ADBN)模型,在词的级别上描述了音频流和视频流的异步性,音视频流都采用了词-音素的层次结构.而多流多状态异步DBN(MM-ADBN)模型是MS-ADBN模型的扩展,音视频流都采用了词-音素-状态的层次结构.本质上,MS-ADBN是一个整词模型,而MM-ADBN模型是一个音素模型,适用于大词汇量连续语音识别.实验结果表明：基于连续音视频数据库,在纯净语音环境下,MM-ADBN比MS-ADBN模型和多流HMM识别率分别提高35.91%和9.97%.     

Pheromonal Cues Deposited by Mated Females Convey Social Information about Egg-Laying Sites in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila Melanogaster</Emphasis>

Individuals can make choices based on information learned from others, a phenomenon called social learning. How observers differentiate between which individual they should or should not learn from is, however, poorly understood. Here, we showed that Drosophila melanogaster females can influence the choice of egg-laying site of other females through pheromonal marking. Mated females mark territories of high quality food by ejecting surplus male sperm containing the aggregation pheromone cis-11-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) and, in addition, deposit several sex- and species-specific cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) pheromones. These pheromonal cues affect the choices of other females, which respond by preferentially laying eggs on the marked food. This system benefits both senders and responders, as communal egg laying increases offspring survival. Virgin females, however, do not elicit a change in the egg-laying decision of mated females, even when food has been supplemented with ejected sperm from mated females, thus indicating the necessity for additional cues. Genetic ablation of either a female’s CHC pheromones or those of their mate results in loss of ability of mated females to attract other females. We conclude that mated females use a pheromonal marking system, comprising cVA acquired from male ejaculate with sex- and species-specific CHCs produced by both mates, to indicate egg-laying sites. This system ensures information reliability because mated, but not virgin, females have both the ability to generate the pheromone blend that attracts other flies to those sites and a direct interest in egg-laying site quality.     

Pid Regulation Of Robot Manipulators With Elastic Joints

This paper studies the stability of a class of PID controller to stabilize robot manipulators with elastic joints. It is shown that a PD action on the rotor position and an integral control action on the link position suffice to provide semiglobal asymptotic stability of the desired link position.     

Improving Product Quality and Reliability with Customer Experience Data

Advance technology development and wide use of the World Wide Web have made it possible for new product development organizations to access multi‐sources of data‐related customer complaints. However, the number of customer plaints of highly innovative consumer electronic products is still increasing; that is, product quality and reliability is at risk. This article aims to understand why existing solutions from literature as well as from industry to deal with these increasingly complex multiple data sources are not able to manage product quality and reliability. Three case studies in industry are discussed. On the basis of the case study results, this article also identifies a new research agenda that is needed to improve product quality and reliability under this circumstance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distorted symptom perception in patients with medically unexplained symptoms.

The present study investigated differences in symptom perception between a clinical sample with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and a matched healthy control group. Participants (N = 58, 29 patients) were told that they would inhale different gas mixtures that might induce symptoms. Next, they went through 2 subsequent rebreathing trials consisting of a baseline (60 s room air breathing), a rebreathing phase (150 s, which gradually increased ventilation, PCO2 in the blood, and perceived dyspnea), and a recovery phase (150 s, returning to room air breathing). Breathing behavior was continuously monitored, and dyspnea was rated every 10 s. The within-subject correlations between dyspnea on the one hand and end-tidal CO2 and minute ventilation on the other were used to index the degree to which perceived dyspnea was related to specific relevant respiratory changes. The results showed that perceived symptoms were less strongly related to relevant physiological parameters in MUS patients than in healthy persons, specifically when afferent physiological input was relatively weak. This suggests a stronger role for top-down psychological processes in the symptom perception of patients with MUS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occurrence,prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review

Ruminants are considered to be less sensitive towards mycotoxins than monogastric animals because rumen microbiota have mycotoxin‐detoxifying capacities. Therefore the effect of mycotoxins towards ruminants has been studied to a lesser extent compared with monogastric animals. Worldwide, a high proportion of the ruminant diet consists of silages made of forage crops (i.e. all parts of the crop above the stubble are harvested). In practice, silages are often contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Exposure to a cocktail of mycotoxins can hamper animal production and have severe health consequences. In this article the different aspects associated with mycotoxin contamination of silage are reviewed ‘from seed to feed’. An overview is given on the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and their concomitant mycotoxins in forage crops before and after ensiling. The mycotoxin load of visually non‐mouldy samples and mouldy hot spots within the same silo is also compared. Subsequently, this review delves into different problem‐solving strategies. A logical first step is prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin production in the field, during harvest and during ensiling. If prevention should fail, several remediation strategies are available. These are listed, mainly focusing on the possibilities of microbial degradation of mycotoxins in vivo in silage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Predicting beef tenderness using color and multispectral image texture features

The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of raw meat surface characteristics (texture) in predicting cooked beef tenderness. Color and multispectral texture features, including 4 different wavelengths and 217 image texture features, were extracted from 2 laboratory-based multispectral camera imaging systems. Steaks were segregated into tough and tender classification groups based on Warner-Bratzler shear force. The texture features were submitted to STEPWISE multiple regression and support vector machine (SVM) analyses to establish prediction models for beef tenderness. A subsample (80%) of tender or tough classified steaks were used to train models which were then validated on the remaining (20%) test steaks. For color images, the SVM model correctly identified tender steaks with 100% accurately while the STEPWISE equation identified 94.9% of the tender steaks correctly. For multispectral images, the SVM model predicted 91% and STEPWISE predicted 87% average accuracy of beef tender.     

Modellversuche zum Verhalten der schwefligen S?ure bei oxydativen Prozessen II. Mitteilung Bindung von schwefliger S?ure an Oxydationsprodukte der Ascorbins?ure

Zusammenfassung Unter Anwendung polarographischer Methoden wurde die Assoziation von schwefliger Säure und Dehydroascorbinsäure im Bereich von pH 3–5 untersucht. Es konnten in diesem Bereich die Dissoziationskonstanten und die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Assoziation und Dissoziation bestimmt Werden. Aus den ermittelten Daten geht hervor, daß derartige Messungen nur mit Hilfe der polarographischenRapid-Technik durchgeführt Werden können. Die Fehlerquellen bei titrimetrischen Bestimmungen von freier, neben gebundener schwefliger Säure werden diskutiert und quantitativ erfaßt.Von den widersprüchlichen Literaturangaben über das Dissoziationsverhalten der schwefligen säure konnte die vonJoslyn u.Braverman bestätigt werden.Einfache Versuche zeigen, daß Bräunung durch Produkte aus dem nichtoxydativen Abbau der Dehydroascorbinsäure bei Anwesenheit von schwefliger Säure nicht auftritt; eine Erklärung wird gegeben.

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About the reaction of sulfurous acid during oxidation II. Binding of sulfurous acid with oxidation-products of ascorbic acid

Summary By using new polarographic methods, the association of sulfurous acid and dehydroascorbic acid Were studied in the range of pH 3–5. In this range it Was possible to determine the dissociation and the velocity constants of association and dissociation. From the results it is concluded that measurements of this kind only can be made by the polarographic rapid technique. The sources of error in using the titrimetric method are discussed and quantitatively determined.From the controversial results in the literature on the dissociation reaction of sulfurous acid, the findings ofJoslyn andBraverman could be confirmed.Simple results show that browning caused by products from non-oxidative decompostion of dehydroascorbic acid did not show up if sulfurous acid is present; an explanation for this is given.