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81.
Carla Di Mattia Maria Martuscelli Giampiero Sacchetti Ilse Scheirlinck Bram Beheydt Dino Mastrocola Paola Pittia 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2013,6(12):3420-3432
This work was aimed to determine the effect of fermentation and drying on the content and profile of procyanidins (from monomers P1 to polymers P10) as well as on the antiradical and scavenging properties of cocoa beans. To this purpose, three experiments were carried out: a traditional fermentation process followed by air drying and two pilot-scale fermentation processes by either natural microbiota or starter followed by sun drying. Procyanidins were evaluated by HPLC analysis, while the total polyphenol index (TPI), the antiradical activity as well as the reducing power were determined by means of the reaction with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, the decolorization assays of the ABTS radical (TEAC) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods, respectively. Both the traditional and pilot-scale processes resulted to affect the profile and content of the procyanidins fractions as well as the antiradical and reducing power functionality. Drying caused a severe reduction of compounds and thus resulted to be the critical step for the loss of procyanidins and monomers in particular. The indices of functionality generally showed a decreasing trend as a consequence of processing, and their evolution was similar to that observed in procyanidins content. To study the relationship between the individual procyanidins and the antioxidant activity expressed as TEAC, FRAP and TPI, the data set were processed by modified partial least squares regression. The obtained models presented a good predictive ability. Normalised regression coefficients showed that the relative contribution of each single class of compounds to total antioxidant activity resulted as follows: P1?>?P2?>?P3?>?P4?>?P6?>?P8?>?P5?>?P7?>?P9?>>?P10. 相似文献
82.
Mietje Craeynest Geert Crombez Leen Haerens Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij 《Food quality and preference》2007,18(8):1077-1084
It has been theorized that overweight and obesity are related with a heightened (unhealthy) food preference. Until now both self-reports and indirect attitude measures offer little support for this hypothesis. Using a personalized version of the Implicit Association Task [IAT; Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480], this study investigated (1) whether overweight youngsters (n = 40) implicitly prefer palatable food to an attractive non-food category such as hobbies and (2) whether they implicitly prefer unhealthy palatable food to healthy palatable food, compared to a matched group of lean controls (n = 40). Further, it was examined whether these implicit attitudes correlated with self-reported food and hobby attitudes. The results revealed no effect for food versus hobbies. Both groups implicitly preferred healthy to unhealthy food. Positive correlations between implicit and self-reported attitudes were only found for hobbies. Several interpretations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
83.
Stefan Weckx Roel Van der Meulen Dominique Maes Ilse Scheirlinck Geert Huys Peter Vandamme Luc De Vuyst 《Food microbiology》2010
Four spontaneous rye sourdough fermentations were performed over a period of ten days with daily back-slopping. Samples taken at all refreshment steps were used for culture-dependent and culture-independent characterization of the microbiota present. Furthermore, an extensive metabolite target analysis was performed through a combination of various chromatographic methods, including liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data obtained in this study combined with data obtained previously for wheat and spelt sourdoughs. In general, the establishment of a stable microbial ecosystem occurred through a three-phase evolution, with mainly Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum dominating the rye sourdough ecosystems. PCA revealed that ornithine and mannitol were positively correlated with rye sourdoughs, contributing to bacterial competitiveness at the onset of sourdough production. Wheat and spelt sourdoughs showed a high degree of similarity, although certain compounds (e.g. indolelactic acid) appeared to be specific for spelt sourdoughs. The production of amino acid metabolites, mainly hydroxy acids (e.g. phenyllactic acid) and alcohols (e.g. 3-methyl-1-butanol), contributed to the equilibration of the redox balance and further enhanced the competitiveness of dominant species in stable sourdoughs. 相似文献
84.
Ilse Gosens Jan Andries Post Liset JJ de la Fonteyne Eugene HJM Jansen John W Geus Flemming R Cassee Wim H de Jong 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2010,7(1):1-11
Background
Traffic emissions including diesel engine exhaust are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of exhaust generated by a diesel engine under idling conditions.Objectives
To assess the vascular and fibrinolytic effects of exposure to diesel exhaust generated during urban-cycle running conditions that mimic ambient 'real-world' exposures.Methods
In a randomised double-blind crossover study, eighteen healthy male volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust (approximately 250 μg/m3) or filtered air for one hour during intermittent exercise. Diesel exhaust was generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle. Six hours post-exposure, vascular vasomotor and fibrinolytic function was assessed during venous occlusion plethysmography with intra-arterial agonist infusions.Measurements and Main Results
Forearm blood flow increased in a dose-dependent manner with both endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine and bradykinin) and endothelial-independent (sodium nitroprusside and verapamil) vasodilators. Diesel exhaust exposure attenuated the vasodilatation to acetylcholine (P < 0.001), bradykinin (P < 0.05), sodium nitroprusside (P < 0.05) and verapamil (P < 0.001). In addition, the net release of tissue plasminogen activator during bradykinin infusion was impaired following diesel exhaust exposure (P < 0.05).Conclusion
Exposure to diesel exhaust generated under transient running conditions, as a relevant model of urban air pollution, impairs vasomotor function and endogenous fibrinolysis in a similar way as exposure to diesel exhaust generated at idling. This indicates that adverse vascular effects of diesel exhaust inhalation occur over different running conditions with varying exhaust composition and concentrations as well as physicochemical particle properties. Importantly, exposure to diesel exhaust under ETC conditions was also associated with a novel finding of impaired of calcium channel-dependent vasomotor function. This implies that certain cardiovascular endpoints seem to be related to general diesel exhaust properties, whereas the novel calcium flux-related effect may be associated with exhaust properties more specific for the ETC condition, for example a higher content of diesel soot particles along with their adsorbed organic compounds. 相似文献85.
86.
U. Küchenmeister Karin Nürnberg Ilse Fiedler Gerda Kuhn Gerd Nürnberg Klaus Ender 《European Food Research and Technology》1999,209(2):97-103
Muscles of pigs with mutated calcium release channels show increased metabolic activities, and ultimately inferior meat quality
results. Different cellular changes in the time period post mortem (PM) are reported by investigating longissimus samples
obtained immediately after death (0 h), 45 min PM, 4 h PM, and 22 h PM. The meat quality of such malignant hyperthermia susceptible
(MHS) pigs was inferior to that of malignant hyperthermia resistant (MHR) pigs. Histological analysis of muscle fibres showed
an enhanced rate and extent of the development of extracellular spaces in MHS muscle compared to MHR muscle in the time period
PM. The permeability of crude sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to Ca2+ increased at a higher rate in MHS than in MHR muscle. Total muscle phospholipids contained a higher concentration of long
chain n-3 fatty acids in MHS compared with MHR animals immediately after slaughter. The MHS homogenate lipids were more susceptible
to stimulated peroxidation by Fe2+/ascorbate in samples obtained 45 min PM and 4 h PM, but there were no differences between the two genotypes for 0 h PM and
22 h PM samples, suggesting a retarded consumption of antioxidants in MHR compared to MHS muscle. The results suggest that
in addition to the well-known denaturation of proteins, altered biochemical processes in muscle cells of stress-susceptible
pigs cause injury to cell membranes as well as to SR membranes early in the time period PM.
Received: 24 July 1998 / Revised version: 25 September 1998 相似文献
87.
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89.
Willem F. Nieuwenhuizen Ilse Duivenvoorden Peter J. Voshol Patrick C. N. Rensen Wim van Duyvenvoorde Johannes A. Romijn Jef J. Emeis Louis M. Havekes 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(10):994-997
The prevalence of dyslipidemia and obesity resulting from excess energy intake and physical inactivity is increasing. The liver plays a pivotal role in the systemic lipid homeostasis. Effective, natural dietary interventions that lower plasma lipids and promote liver health are needed. APOE*3Leiden mice were fed a Western‐type diet, supplemented with different sphingolipids, to determine their effect on plasma lipids and liver steatosis. Hepatic lipid levels and lipid‐related gene expression were also determined. Dietary sphingolipids dose‐dependently lowered both plasma cholesterol (C) and triglycerides (TG) in APOE*3Leiden mice. 1% Phytosphingosine (PS) reduced C and TG by 57 and 58%, respectively. PS (a) decreased the absorption of dietary C and free fatty acid but did not affect the intestinal TG lipolysis, (b) increased hepatic VLDL‐TG production whereas plasma lipolysis was not affected; and (c) increased the hepatic uptake of VLDL remnants. Hepatic mRNA levels indicated enhanced hepatic lipid synthesis and VLDL and LDL uptake. Livers of PS (1%) fed mice were lighter (?22%), less pale, and contained less cholesteryl ester (?61%) and TG (?56%). Furthermore, markers for liver inflammation (SAA) and liver damage (ALAT) were decreased by 74% and 79%, respectively in PS‐fed mice. Sphingolipids lower plasma C and TG and protect the liver from fat‐ and cholesterol‐induced steatosis. In a preliminary small double‐blind cross‐over study with six middle‐aged slightly overweight male volunteers the daily supplementation of one gram of PS to the diet resulted in a ?9.8% (p = 0.0074) and – 13.2% (p = 0.0002) reduction of total C and LDL‐C, respectively. The C/HDL‐C ratio was not significantly affected (p = 0.0571). Due to the relatively low pre‐study levels of TG in the human volunteers, and the individual variability of TG levels, the TG lowering in humans was not significant in this first small study, but per individual there was a clear trend in TG lowering. 相似文献
90.