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991.
Yujeong Kim Chang Eun Song Ara Cho Jungwoon Kim Yoonho Eom Jongho Ahn Sang-Jin Moon Eunhee Lim 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2014
Two π-conjugated small molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), DPP4T and DPP2F2T, were synthesized using the Suzuki coupling reaction. DPP4T and DPP2F2T contained furan and thiophene, respectively, next to a DPP core. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) were fabricated using two DPP-based oligothiophenes as donors. DPP4T showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) (1.44%) than DPP2F2T (0.85%). The short-circuit current (JSC) of DPP4T (4.38 mA cm−2) was nearly twice that of DPP2F2T (2.49 mA cm−2). The improved photovoltaic properties of DPP4T could be explained by the optical properties and the film morphology. 相似文献
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“Multipoint Force Feedback” Leveling of Massively Parallel Tip Arrays in Scanning Probe Lithography 下载免费PDF全文
Hanaul Noh Goo‐Eun Jung Sukhyun Kim Seong‐Hun Yun Ahjin Jo Se‐Jong Kahng Nam‐Joon Cho Sang‐Joon Cho 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,11(35):4526-4531
Nanoscale patterning with massively parallel 2D array tips is of significant interest in scanning probe lithography. A challenging task for tip‐based large area nanolithography is maintaining parallel tip arrays at the same contact point with a sample substrate in order to pattern a uniform array. Here, polymer pen lithography is demonstrated with a novel leveling method to account for the magnitude and direction of the total applied force of tip arrays by a multipoint force sensing structure integrated into the tip holder. This high‐precision approach results in a 0.001° slope of feature edge length variation over 1 cm wide tip arrays. The position sensitive leveling operates in a fully automated manner and is applicable to recently developed scanning probe lithography techniques of various kinds which can enable “desktop nanofabrication.” 相似文献
996.
During low pressure ionized metal physical vapor deposition (PVD) of Cu seed layer for microprocessor interconnects, the re-deposited Cu film on the hollow cathode magnetron (HCM) target may fall off and damage the Cu film on the wafer. An analytical view factor model based on the analogy between metal sputtering and diffuse thermal radiation was used to obtain re-deposition profiles for HCM targets in low pressure (below 0.1 Pa) Cu ionized PVD. The model predictions indicate that there is an inherent non-uniformity in the re-deposition profile even for uniform sputtering over the entire HCM target. The predicted re-deposition profile agrees with experimental observations. Subsequent target redesign studies found that the non-uniformity in the re-deposition profile could be mitigated by using a conical sidewall between the top disk and the cylindrical sidewall or reducing the length of the cylindrical sidewall. 相似文献
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The plasma polymer thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate by PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) method. Liquid cyclohexene was used as single organic precursor. It was heated up to 60 °C and bubbled up by hydrogen gas, which flow rate was 50 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per min). Deposition temperature was room temperature. Plasma was ignited by a radio frequency (RF; 13.56 MHz) of 10 W.As-deposited plasma polymer thin films were treated by e-beam of 300 keV with various adsorption radiation doses. The plasma polymer films, which were treated by high energy e-beam (HEEB), were investigated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), and the water contact angles.From IR spectra, the intensity of OH functional group is increased by increasing electron dose rate. XPS results also show that the intensity of O1s peak is increased by increasing electron dose rate. C1s peak shows that oxygen bonded at carbon site. The water contact angles are decreased by increasing electron dose rate. From the AFM analysis, we observed the formation of λ-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) array on plasma polymer film, which was treated by HEEB with 14 kGy of adsorption radiation dose. 相似文献
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A possibility of synthesizing the SnO2–Au nanocomposite by the successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) method is demonstrated in this article. It is shown that as a result of successive treatments in solutions of Sn(OH)xFyClz and HAuCl4 the SnO2–Au nanocomposite with a Sn/Au ratio varying from 1:1 to 6:1 can be formed on the surface of substrates. It is found that the value of this ratio depends on the concentration of F ions in solution. The gold in the indicated composite is in the metallic state. The growth of the SnO2–Au composite takes place through the formation of 3-D precipitates, which form a continuous film after 13 deposition cycles. As a result, a layer with averaged thickness of up to 20 nm is formed on the surface. Nanocomposite films, even after treatment at an annealing temperature Tan ∼ 600 °C, have finely dispersed structure. The size of the Au clusters incorporated in the SnO2 matrix is in the range from 3 to 15 nm. Gas sensing characteristics of SnO2 films modified by SnO2–Au nanocomposites are discussed as well. It is shown that surface modification by SnO2–Au nanocomposites can be used for improving operating characteristics of conductometric SnO2-based gas sensors. 相似文献
999.
Paul L. Goethals Byung Rae Cho 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2011,27(4):403-414
Innovative engineering techniques are often sought within the manufacturing environment to improve product quality and promote more cost‐effective strategies. Robust design methods are frequently used to serve this purpose, with the objective of minimizing the variability inherent within a particular process or system. A review of the literature suggests that most robust design research involves the study of static quality characteristics, given a pre‐defined specification interval or region and target value. In addition to proposing a methodology for working with dynamic quality characteristics where the specifications and target value may change over time, this paper offers two other distinct contributions. First, those researchers who have examined dynamic systems traditionally consider the effects of a signal factor on a response variable on the identification of optimal factor settings. In contrast, this paper will consider the effects of a quality characteristic changing over time, thus removing the need to confine the problem to signal–response systems. Furthermore, most researchers consider the optimization of the process mean according to the costs of non‐conforming to an established specification interval or region. This paper, however, utilizes a methodology involving the simultaneous optimization of the process mean and variance while expanding the problem to consider a loss in quality attributed to deviation from a target value over time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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