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71.
The diffusional behavior of multi-arm star-shaped p(tBMA) was investigated in a concentration range from dilute to semidilute region with 1H pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR (PFGSE-NMR). An 142-arm star-shaped p(tBMA) showed two diffusional mode, which reflected the coexistence of liquid ordering phase and liquid phase near the ordering transition. On the other hand, for star-shaped p(tBMA) with 55 arms showed a single diffusional relaxation in all concentration ranges during observation time. In the semidilute region, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient against the polymer concentration was affected strongly not only the arm number but also liquid ordering structure. 相似文献
72.
Hidemasa Hikawa Ayaka Tada Shoko Kikkawa Isao Azumaya 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(3):395-402
We demonstrate the gold(III)‐catalyzed direct substitution of benzylic alcohols in water. These atom economic and environmentally benign protocols afford S‐benzylated products in moderate to excellent yields. In contrast, common Lewis or Brønsted acids as catalyst, and organic solvents such as dichloromethane or toluene were ineffective for the S‐benzylation of mercaptobenzoic acids. Water can be an attractive tool for new transition metal‐catalyzed reactions. A Hammett study for the rate constants with various substituted alcohols shows a good correlation (R2=0.97) between the log(kX/kH) and the σ+ value of the respective substituents. From the slope negative ρ values of 2.35 are obtained, suggesting that there is a build‐up of positive charge in the transition state. Our catalytic system can be performed with the use of only 2 mol% of gold(III) catalyst without any other additives in water, and scaled up to 10 mmol scale (85% isolated yield). Notably, the present method can accomplish the S‐benzylation of unprotected mercaptobenzoic acids, which is chemoselective and leaves the carboxyl group intact. Furthermore, the direct substitution of allylic and propargylic alcohols also proceeded smoothly in good yields.
73.
A Study was made on certain properties of the cation-exchange membranes obtained by the preirradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene (TFS) noto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), followed by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film. Swelling, water uptake, electric conductivity, and transport number of the membranes were measured as a function of ino-exchange capacity. Thermal and chemical stability were also investigated. These properties were found to be mainly dependent on ion-exchange capacity. The stable membrane properties were established due to a homogeneous ion-exchange group distribution in the membrane, as confirmed by x-ray imcroscopy analysis of the membrane cross sections. In addition, the membranes showed good electrochemical, thermal, and chemical properties, and were found to be scceptable for practical use as cation-exchange membranes. 相似文献
74.
The compositions of ester- and amide-linked fatty acids from ceramides of human vernix caseosa were described with emphasis
on the distribution of the branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA). Two novel ceramides were isolated from vernix caseosa in the
course of this study: the acylated type of esterified α-OH-hydroxyacid/sphingosine ceramide (Cer[EAS]) and nonacylated type
of non-OH fatty acid/hydroxysphingosine ceramide (Cer[NH]). Their chemical structures were identified by nuclear magnetic
resonance and chemical procedure. The Cer[EAS] was an acylceramide and consisted of the highest concentrations of ester- and
amide-linked BCFA (62 and 67%, respectively). The iso- or anteiso-branching structures of the aliphatic chains were confirmed
by the mass spectra of their picolinyl or pyrrolidide derivatives. As a whole, amide-linked fatty acids of ceramides 1–7 and
Cer[NH] were normal types of straight-chain fatty acids with or without α- or ω-hydroxylation. The BCFA concentrations of
amide-linked fatty acids in these ceramides (ceramides 1–7 and Cer[NH]) were low and less than 10%. The BCFA thus occurred
exclusively in a novel acylceramide of Cer[EAS] in the vernix caseosa. 相似文献
75.
Synthesis of Dense Lead Titanate Ceramics with Submicrometer Grains by Spark Plasma Sintering 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tomonari Takeuchi Mitsuharu Tabuchi Isao Kondoh Nobuyuki Tamari Hiroyuki Kageyama 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(3):541-544
Dense PbTiO3 ceramics consisting of submicrometer-sized grains were prepared using the spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) method. Hydrothermally prepared PbTiO3 (0.1 μm) was used as a starting powder. The powder was densified to ≳98% of the theoretical X-ray density by the SPS process. The average grain size of the spark-plasma-sintered ceramics (SPS ceramics) was ≲1 μm, even after sintering at 900°–1100°C, because of the short sintering period (1–3 min). The measured permittivity of the SPS ceramics showed almost no frequency dependence over the range 101 –106 Hz, mainly because pores were absent from the ceramics. The coercive field of the SPS ceramics was somewhat higher than that of conventionally sintered ceramics, which could be attributed to the small-grained microstructures of the SPS ceramics. 相似文献
76.
Strategies for the synthesis of polycyclic ethers based on intramolecular allylations are overviewed. The intramolecular condensation of allylic stannanes and aldehydes is a powerful tool for the synthesis of oxepane derivatives. The reaction is successfully applied to the iterative total synthesis of hemibrevetoxin B (2). Further, the intramolecular allylation of alpha-acetoxy ethers provides an efficient method for the convergent synthesis of polycyclic ethers. The usefulness of the latter strategy is demonstrated in the convergent total synthesis of gambierol (4). 相似文献
77.
Isao Saeki Yusuke Sugiyama Shigenari Hayashi Akira Yamauchi Takashi Doi Yoshitaka Nishiyama Shoji Kyo Shigeru Suzuki Masugu Sato Shinji Fujimoto 《Corrosion Science》2012
Changes in the crystal structure of type 430 stainless steel and the oxides on its surface were studied in situ at 1373 K using a high-intensity synchrotron X-ray source provided by SPring-8 in Japan. The surface of the steel was initially covered with Cr2O3, which was then converted to FeCr2O4, and finally Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 formed on it. These results indicated that the reason for the breakaway oxidation in type 430 stainless steel is Cr depletion beneath Cr2O3 layer and the subsequent ionisation of Fe, not the simple mechanical failure of Cr2O3. 相似文献
78.
Miyazawa M Kimura M Yabe Y Tsukamoto D Sakamoto M Horibe I Okuno Y 《Journal of oleo science》2008,57(11):585-590
The profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from Glomerella cingulata using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with different fibers, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS), was investigated. C4-C6 aliphatic alcohols were the predominant fraction of VOCs isolated by CAR/PDMS fiber. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons represented 20.3% of VOCs isolated by PDMS fiber. During the growth phase, Ochracin was produced in the large majority of VOCs. 3-Methylbutanol and phenylethyl alcohol were found in the log phase of it. Alcohols were found in cultures of higher age, while sesquiterpenes were found to be characteristic of initial growth stage of G. cingulata. 相似文献
79.
Sho Nakai Kentaro Taki Isao Tsujimura Masahiro Ohshima 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2008,48(1):107-115
The production process for expanded polypropylene foam beads (EPP), which consists of steaming, depressurizing, cooling, and ageing operations, was consistently simulated by a set of mathematical models. The models, developed from Yang and Lee's ageing models (Yang and Lee, J. Cell. Plast., 39 , 59 (2003)) for extrusion foam products, were extended in terms of the fundamental aspects of mass and heat transport phenomena. Evaporation and condensation of blowing agents and heat conduction during the steam chest molding and ageing processes were modeled. The governing equations were established by integrating the mass transfer equations of steam and air at the intercellular walls with the constitutive equations of evaporation and condensation in each cell, the equation of heat conduction from the mold to the foam, and the mechanical force balance equation on the cell walls. The models simulate the stress exerted on the steaming chest mold and predict the expansion behavior of cells in the EPP bead‐foam board throughout the ageing process. A sensitivity analysis was also performed by the models to find the key factors which might allow the theoretical determination of the ejection time and shortening of the length of the ageing process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:107–115, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
80.
Taegon Kim Chulho Ham Seong-Ho Yoon Masaharu Tsuji Isao Mochida 《Electrochimica acta》2008,53(19):5789-5795
Enhancement of electrochemical capacitance and morphological variations of various acetylene blacks caused by electrochemical polarization are presented. Acetylene blacks of different mean particle diameters were modified by air-oxidation and heat treatment to diversify the morphologies of the acetylene blacks before electrochemical polarization. The various acetylene blacks were electrochemically oxidized at 1.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 10 s and the polarization step was repeated until the capacitance values did not change any longer. These polarization steps enhanced the capacitances of the acetylene blacks and the specific enhancement factors range from 2 to 5.5. Such an enhancement is strongly related to morphological modification as revealed by transmission electron microscopic observations. The electrochemical polarization resulted in formation of tiny graphene sheets on the wide graphitic carbon surfaces, which were most responsible for the observed capacitive enhancement. Although the pseudo-capacitance increased after polarization by forming oxygenated species on the surfaces, its contribution to the total capacitance was less than 10%. The mechanism of the formation of the tiny graphene sheets during the electrochemical oxidation is described schematically. 相似文献