Contingent Leadership and Effectiveness of Trauma Resuscitation Teams.

This research investigated leadership and effectiveness of teams operating in a high-velocity environment, specifically trauma resuscitation teams. On the basis of the literature and their own ethnographic work, the authors proposed and tested a contingency model in which the influence of leadership on team effectiveness during trauma resuscitation differs according to the situation. Results indicated that empowering leadership was more effective when trauma severity was low and when team experience was high. Directive leadership was more effective when trauma severity was high or when the team was inexperienced. Findings also suggested that an empowering leader provided more learning opportunities than did a directive leader. The major contribution of this article is the linkage of leadership to team effectiveness, as moderated by relatively specific situational contingencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A measurement of the NBS electrical watt in SI units

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) electric watt in SI units to be: W_NBS/W=K_W =1-(16.69±1.33) p.p.m. The uncertainty of 1.33 p.p.m. has the significance of a standard deviation and includes the best estimate of random and known or suspected systematic uncertainties. The mean time of the measurement is May 15, 1988. Combined with the measurement of the NBS ohm in SI units: Ω_NBS/Ω=K_Ω =1-(1.593±0.022) p.p.m., this leads to a Josephson frequency/voltage quotient of E_J=E₀[1+(7.94±0.67) p.p.m.] where E₀=483, 594 GHz/V     

Palatability and Appearance Traits of Beef/Pork Meat Patties

Eight beef/pork ground meat blends were made from mature (cows or sows) and youthful (steers or barrow) beef and/or pork lean. Blends were stored at — 27°C for either 14 or 150 days. Storage time decreased overall desirability scores of blends made with 20% pork fat and 80% youthful beef lean. No differences were found for flavor or overall desirability scores within the 14-day storage treatment. The consumer panel did not detect differences among treatments for source of fat or species. Results indicated beef/pork patties containing 40–80% mature lean and a minimum of 10% beef fat were equal to all-beef controls (100% beef patty) for visual and palatability traits.     

"Superblind": Supervising a Blind Therapist With a Blind Analysand in a Community Mental Health Setting.

This article describes the 3-year psychoanalytic treatment of a blind female client by a blind female therapist supervised by a sighted man. The author focuses primarily on issues tied to each party's personal experience of blindness. Interpersonal psychoanalysis, which was the modality of supervision and therapy, is considered a cultural approach to psychoanalytic treatment. The author (the supervisor in the triad) suggests that the individuals involved treated each other, and were treated, with regard to their shared visual problems in ways that were influenced by previous relationships and the way that the culture in which the members were embedded treats disability in general. In the present, these cultural and relational expectations, influenced by the past, were played out between patient and therapist, between therapist and supervisor, and in the decisions and policies of the clinic system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An expert system approach to fracture mechanics

The usefulness of an arificial intelligence approach to some deterministic problems is discussed. An expert system approach to fracture mechanics problems is devised. Production rules for a simple expert system for crack tip mesh mapping are given. The knowledge acquisition process described in the references is used. Linear 2D fracture problems can be solved by the given program, though the methodology would be similar for non-linear or 3D problems.     

Nucleation of the diamond phase in aluminium-solid solutions

Precipitation was studied from f c c solid solutions with silicon, germanium, copper and magnesium. Of all these elements only silicon and germanium form diamond cubic (d c) precipitates in f c c Al. Nucleation of the d c structure is enhanced if both types of atom are dissolved in the f c c lattice. This is interpreted as due to atomic size effects in the pre-nucleation stage. There are two modes of interference of fourth elements with nucleation of the d c phase in Al + Si, Ge. The formation of the d c phase is hardly affected if the atoms (for example, copper) are rejected from the (Si, Ge)-rich clusters. If additional types of atom are attracted by silicon and/or germanium, d c nuclei are replaced by intermetallic compounds (for example Mg₂Si).