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941.
M.G. Pujar N. Parvathavarthini Sidhartha S. Jena B.V.R. Tata R.K. Dayal H.S. Khatak 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2008,17(6):793-801
In the present work 316LN as well as 316 stainless steel (SS) coupons each of dimensions (0.025 × 0.018 × 0.006 m3) in well-polished condition were used as two nominal electrodes which were immersed in the aerated solution of 0.5 M NaCl.
Correlated current and potential electrochemical noise (EN) signals were collected at 1 Hz sampling frequency for 1 h daily
over a period of 30 days. The detrended EN data were used to calculate the noise resistance (R
N) as well as the spectral noise resistance at zero frequency (R
SNo) values and other statistical parameters. To study the nature of pits and distribution of their diameters as well as depths,
extensive observations of the pitted and the blank specimens were carried out using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).
The current and the potential records of the two alloys showed distinct differences in their corrosion behavior. It was observed
that within less than 4 h of immersion, 316SS showed signals indicative of unstable pitting and onset of stable pitting was
noticed after 48 h of exposure. However, until about 24 h, 316LN showed just the random signals and unstable pitting was observed
after 28 h. The signals clearly indicated continuous growth of the stable pits in 316SS as against the repassivation of the
unstable pits in 316LN after 7 days exposure. It was observed that R
N values showed a continuous decrease in the case of 316SS, but were quite stable in the case of 316LN over the exposure period.
Concurrent to these observations it was observed that 316SS specimen was extensively pitted. The frequency distributions of
pit diameters as well pit depths were observed to be highest at 10-20 μm and 5-10 μm, respectively. However, pits with as
large as 70-80 μm diameter and as deep as 20-25 μm too were observed. No pits were observed in case of 316LN even after 30 days
of exposure, an observation that corroborates well with the stable R
N values. Thus, in the present investigation, the long-term tests using EN technique coupled with CLSM studies conclusively
prove that many unstable pits initiated in 316SS turn into stable ones resulting in insidious localized corrosion attack whereas
the unstable pits initiated in 316LN get passivated in the simulated coastal environment. 相似文献
942.
Oxide films were deposited on different substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction was performed to in situ investigate the change of growth mode and the lattice relaxation during the growth. An asymmetrical phenomenon was found in the two kinds of strain states, compressive stress and tensile stress of heterostructures with different lattice mismatch. In the case of BaTiO3/SrTiO3 (2.2%), 2D layer-by-layer growth mode without lattice relaxation can be maintained for a longer period for BTO films on STO with compressive stress, comparing to STO films on BTO with tensile stress. When MgO films were deposited on SrTiO3 with a large mismatch of 7.8%, compressive stress leads to rapid lattice relaxation with a very thin wet layer, and 3D strained island were observed. As a comparison, SrTiO3 films on MgO with tensile stress were configured. No RHEED patterns can be observed duo to a large tensile stress. 相似文献
943.
Effect of boron on the low-cycle fatigue behavior and deformation structure of INCONEL 718 at 650 °C
L. Xiao M. C. Chaturvedi D. L. Chen 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(11):3477-3487
Symmetrical push-pull low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed on INCONEL 718 (IN718) containing 12, 29, 60, and 100 ppm
B at 650 °C. The results showed that all the alloys experienced a relatively short period of initial cyclic hardening at low
strain amplitudes, followed by a regime of saturation or slightly continuous cyclic softening. The initial cyclic hardening
phase decreased with increasing strain amplitudes, and disappeared at the high strain amplitudes. A serrated flow was observed
in the plastic regions of cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loops. The saturated cyclic stress amplitude at a given strain amplitude
was highest for the alloy with 60 ppm B, and lowest for the alloy with 12 ppm B. The LCF lifetime increased with increasing
B concentration up to 60 ppm, and then decreased as the B content increased from 60 to 100 ppm. Fractographic analysis suggested
that the fracture mode changed from intergranular to transgranular cracking as the B concentration increased. The characteristic
deformation microstructures produced by LCF tests at 650 °C, examined via transmission electron microscopy, were regularly spaced arrays of planar deformation bands on {111} slip planes in all four
alloys. A ladderlike structure was observed in some local regions in the alloy with 12 ppm B. Heavily deformed planar deformation
bands were observed in the fatigued specimens with 100 ppm B. The mechanism of improvement in the LCF life of IN718 due to
B addition is discussed. 相似文献
944.
A. J. Wright A. Wong L. L. Diosady 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2003,36(9-10):1069-1072
A Ni catalyst was added to a cis-selective Pd catalyst in an attempt to further improve the Pd catalyst's cis-selectivity and activity for canola oil hydrogenation. The system was tested under reaction conditions known to be suitable for cis-selective hydrogenation with the Pd catalyst (50 ppm Pd, 70 °C, and 5.2 MPa). Although inactive on its own under these conditions, the addition of 100 ppm Ni increased the hydrogenation activity (from 2.12 to 2.49 10−2 min−1). Further addition of Ni up to 1000 ppm resulted in no further improvements in activity. The trans isomer contents of the oils hydrogenated with Pd and the Pd/Ni systems were similar. The level of conjugated dienes decreased rapidly during hydrogenation with both Pd alone and with the Pd/Ni combination and no changes in conjugation were detected in the presence of the Ni catalyst alone. The increased activity of the Pd/Ni system over Pd alone was attributed to adsorption of catalyst poisons from the oil by Ni. 相似文献
945.
Filled fibrous sorbents modified with transition metal ferro- and ferricyanides capable to recover americium(III) and rare-earth metals(III) from nitric acid solutions were prepared. The most complete and rapid recovery is attained on complex-forming and cation-exchange sorbents (as filled fibrous materials) saturated with nickel ions. The sorbents are characterized by good kinetic properties and can be used for recovery of the above metals. 相似文献
946.
Penedo Frank J.; Dahn Jason R.; Gonzalez Jeffrey S.; Molton Ivan; Carver Charles S.; Antoni Michael H.; Roos Bernard A.; Schneiderman Neil 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,22(2):220
This study evaluated relations among optimism, perceived stress management skills (PSMS), and positive mood in 46 men who had surgical treatment for localized prostate cancer. The authors found that optimism, PSMS, and positive mood scores were positively correlated. Positive mood was unrelated to demographic and disease-related control variables. In a hierarchical regression model controlling for PSMS, the relationship between optimism and positive mood became nonsignificant, whereas PSMS remained a correlate of positive mood. Results suggest that the relationship between optimism and positive mood may be mediated by belief in being able to use stress management techniques effectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
947.
Yunlei Li Dick de Ridder Robert P.W. Duin Marcel J.T. Reinders 《Pattern recognition》2008,41(1):320-330
Samples can be measured with different precisions and reliabilities in different experiments, or even within the same experiment. These varying levels of measurement noise may deteriorate the performance of a pattern recognition system, if not treated with care. Here we seek to investigate the benefit of incorporating prior knowledge about measurement noise into system construction. We propose a kernel density classifier which integrates such prior knowledge. Instead of using an identical kernel for each sample, we transform the prior knowledge into a distinct kernel for each sample. The integration procedure is straightforward and easy to interpret. In addition, we show how to estimate the diverse measurement noise levels in a real world dataset. Compared to the basic methods, the new kernel density classifier can give a significantly better classification performance. As expected, this improvement is more obvious for small sample size datasets and large number of features. 相似文献
948.
L. M. Aksel’rod V. I. Rumyantsev N. Yu. Korableva N. V. Belykh Ya. G. Dyatlova 《Refractories and Industrial Ceramics》2008,49(2):116-119
Technology is developed for preparing refractory components made of partially stabilized zirconium dioxide using an isostatic
compaction press. Technology is provided for manufacturing dispensing nozzles using combined and separately stabilized zirconium
dioxide, and also indices of the refractories obtained and imported materials are compared.
__________
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 127–131, March 2008. 相似文献
949.
I. D. Kashcheev S. N. Sychev M. N. Dunaeva L. A. Karpets P. A. Emel’yanov O. S. Ryakhova 《Refractories and Industrial Ceramics》2008,49(2):131-134
Compositions have been developed for nonshrinking vibrocast thermally insulating light refractory concretes with densities
of 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8 g/cm3 for temperatures of use up to 1400°C. The structure and properties have been examined for the concrete of density 1.3 g/cm3.
__________
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 29–32, April, 2008. 相似文献
950.
V. M. Strakhov 《Coke and Chemistry》2008,51(9):346-356
The composition and physicochemical properties of Gorlovsk Basin anthracite are studied, with a view to expanding its metallurgical use. In industrial tests, anthracite is employed in smelting hot metal in cupola furnaces, in the production of carbonized products and briquets, in ferroalloy production, in sintering iron ore, and in batch for foundry coke. 相似文献