Thermodynamic Properties of Fe3O4-FeV2O4 and Fe3O4-FeCr2O4 Spinel Solid Solutions

Solid solutions of Fe304-FeV204 and Fe304-FeCr204 were prepared and equilibrated with Pt under controlled streams of CO/CO, gas mixtures at 1673 K. The concentration of Fe in Pt was used to determine the activity of Fe304 in the solid solutions. The activity of the second component was calculated by Gibbshhem integration. From these data, the Gibbs energy of mixing was derived for both systems. The experimental results and theoretical values which are determined from calculated cation distribution compare favorably in the case of vanadite solid solutions but not in the case of chromite solid solutions. The difference is attributed to a heat term arising from lattice distortion due to cation size difference. The positive heat of mixing will give rise to a miscibility gap in the system Fe304-FeCr204 at lower temperatures.     

TEXTURAL AND SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF CURRIED RAW JACK FRUIT, FRIED AND PRESSURE COOKED

Studies were conducted to improve the texture and sensory qualities of raw jack fruit. Diced tender jack fruit was subjected to steam cooking (1 kg cm^-2 for 20 min) and oil frying at 150 ± 30C for 5 min and 180 ± 20C for 5 min, respectively. Minced mutton at 5% (w/w) of the jack fruit dice was incorporated into the curried recipe prepared from dice fried in oil at 150C to impart mutton flavor and tested for texture. The firmness of fried dice increased significantly as measured by peak force of 11.06 and 11.49 kg. cm^-2 compared to 0.33 kg. cm^-2 of steamcooked dice. Further, the sensory evaluation for texture and flavor of the samples in the curried recipe also revealed that the fry-treated samples (at 150 ± 30C) were better in quality than steam-cooked samples. The frying treatment of raw jack fruit dice increased the oil content of the dice (8.26% on FWB) compared to 0.6% in steamed dice. However, the treatment did not affect salt pick up.     

Nutrients in Wild and Farmed Fish and Shellfish

Wild and cultivated channel catfish, rainbow trout, coho salmon, red swamp crayfish, white river crayfish and Eastern oysters were analyzed raw and cooked for proximate composition and ten vitamins. Cultivated catfish had 5 and salmon 2 1/2 times more fat than their wild counterparts. In all other species wild and cultivated samples had similar nutrient content. Cholesterol was independent of fat content and similar in wild and cultivated samples. Vitamin B12 in 100g met or exceeded the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults of 2 μg/day in all species. Other B vitamines seldom exceeded 10% of the RDA except for niacin in finfish. Vitamin A, ascorbic acid and folic acid levels were negligible.     

MRAC FOR SYSTEMS WITH SINUSOIDAL PARAMETERS

Present adaptive control schemes are formulated to estimate constant parameters. In certain circumstances, however, time-varying parameters may need to be estimated. This paper presents a method for estimating parameters that vary si nusoidally based upon the passivity/hyperstability formulation.     

AN ADAPTIVE SUCCESSIVE OVER RELAXATION DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION BY THE BOUNDARY SPECTRAL STRIP METHOD

In the present paper a new adaptive successive over relaxation domain decomposition technique is developed for the boundary spectral strip method. The proposed scheme is based on dividing the overall domain of the problem into several subdomains. First each of the subdomains in the BIEM matrices is analysed independently. These matrices together with an arbitrary initial guess of displacements on the interface of each two neighbouring subdomains, enable an iterative and a very efficient solution of the whole problem. An adaptive procedure, based on comparing two norms along the interface of subregions, is carried out to impose successive over relaxation convergence. Numerical results comparing the present scheme with single domain solutions emphasize the capability of the proposed technique regarding accuracy and computational efforts. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electrochemical behaviour of graphene–poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite electrodes for supercapacitor applications

In this paper, we report on the electrochemical characteristics of graphene–PEDOT composite electrodes. The electrodes were made of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by simple processes of electrophoretic deposition of graphene followed by electropolymerization of EDOT monomer. The composite electrode was obtained by electrochemical measurements, a median specific capacitance of 1410 F/g and a median area capacitance of 199 mF cm ^?2 at a scan rate of 40 mVs ^?1. The composite showed good stability characteristics after repeated scans in cyclic voltammmetry and fared much better than a thin film of PEDOT. The thermal stability of the composite is also much superior when compared to the polymer with a weight loss temperature of 350 °C for the composite and 250 °C for the polymer, respectively. The above electrochemical and thermal behaviours of the composite are correlated to the unique morphology of electrodeposited graphene that provides a conductive and high surface area template for electropolymerization.     

ON THE PROPAGATOR OF THE STOKES EQUATION AND A DYNAMICAL DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY

The propagator of the unsteady Stokes equation is shown to be dominated by the solution of a purely diffusive equation, whose dispersion coefficient is the viscosity. Pressure plays an indirect role only, by creating instantaneously a steady velocity field which decays slowly in space. Viscosity appears to measure the temporal growth of the second moment of the unsteady Stokes propagator.     

Prediction of users webpage access behaviour using association rule mining

Web Usage mining is a technique used to identify the user needs from the web log. Discovering hidden patterns from the logs is an upcoming research area. Association rules play an important role in many web mining applications to detect interesting patterns. However, it generates enormous rules that cause researchers to spend ample time and expertise to discover the really interesting ones. This paper works on the server logs from the MSNBC dataset for the month of September 1999. This research aims at predicting the probable subsequent page in the usage of web pages listed in this data based on their navigating behaviour by using Apriori prefix tree (PT) algorithm. The generated rules were ranked based on the support, confidence and lift evaluation measures. The final predictions revealed that the interestingness of pages mainly depended on the support and lift measure whereas confidence assumed a uniform value among all the pages. It proved that the system guaranteed 100% confidence with the support of 1.3E ?05. It revealed that the pages such as Front page, On-air, News, Sports and BBS attracted more interested subsequent users compared to Travel, MSN-News and MSN-Sports which were of less interest.     

Design and Qualification of Rate Integrating Gyroscope Using Beryllium Material

The development of Inertial Quality Gyroscope requires special materials such as Instrument grade beryllium to achieve a high level of performance⁵. The quality and repeatability of performance call for specialised design with highly stable, light weight material like Beryllium⁴. An order of performance improvement was achieved in similar designs of gyroscopes by replacing aluminium structural material with Beryllium. This paper mainly focuses attestation on criticality of the beryllium material for this type of inertial navigation systems of aerospace vehicles.