全文获取类型
收费全文 | 84298篇 |
免费 | 4792篇 |
国内免费 | 1142篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2160篇 |
技术理论 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 1618篇 |
化学工业 | 16589篇 |
金属工艺 | 3666篇 |
机械仪表 | 4912篇 |
建筑科学 | 2793篇 |
矿业工程 | 785篇 |
能源动力 | 3297篇 |
轻工业 | 6065篇 |
水利工程 | 714篇 |
石油天然气 | 1093篇 |
武器工业 | 148篇 |
无线电 | 13184篇 |
一般工业技术 | 15577篇 |
冶金工业 | 6561篇 |
原子能技术 | 1011篇 |
自动化技术 | 10055篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 152篇 |
2023年 | 996篇 |
2022年 | 1704篇 |
2021年 | 2652篇 |
2020年 | 1989篇 |
2019年 | 1977篇 |
2018年 | 2318篇 |
2017年 | 2355篇 |
2016年 | 2593篇 |
2015年 | 2366篇 |
2014年 | 3462篇 |
2013年 | 5118篇 |
2012年 | 5261篇 |
2011年 | 6184篇 |
2010年 | 4635篇 |
2009年 | 4768篇 |
2008年 | 4674篇 |
2007年 | 3916篇 |
2006年 | 3547篇 |
2005年 | 2959篇 |
2004年 | 2659篇 |
2003年 | 2701篇 |
2002年 | 2732篇 |
2001年 | 2300篇 |
2000年 | 1807篇 |
1999年 | 1642篇 |
1998年 | 2500篇 |
1997年 | 1655篇 |
1996年 | 1377篇 |
1995年 | 1027篇 |
1994年 | 850篇 |
1993年 | 735篇 |
1992年 | 538篇 |
1991年 | 496篇 |
1990年 | 480篇 |
1989年 | 443篇 |
1988年 | 382篇 |
1987年 | 319篇 |
1986年 | 246篇 |
1985年 | 245篇 |
1984年 | 199篇 |
1983年 | 140篇 |
1982年 | 109篇 |
1981年 | 97篇 |
1980年 | 110篇 |
1979年 | 80篇 |
1978年 | 90篇 |
1977年 | 95篇 |
1976年 | 135篇 |
1975年 | 61篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
31.
Arthroscopic reduction and fixation of bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia
Bony avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia have commonly been treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the posterior approach. However, this approach, using the prone position, makes it difficult to investigate and treat other combined injuries of the knee joint. We report a case of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion of the tibia that was arthroscopically reduced and firmly fixed with two cannulated screws. The posterior sag was absent after the operation and the result was excellent. By arthroscopy, we got rigid fixation of the avulsed fragment for early rehabilitation, and detection of a concomitant injury was also possible. 相似文献
32.
Ki Hyun Kim Yong Hoon Kang Byoungho Lee 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1997,9(12):1610-1612
A photorefractive volume hologram was recorded and probed using light diffracted from a tapered optical fiber as a reference beam. A single-mode fiber (SMF) was chemically etched and tapered to give a complicated beam pattern, and it is shown that the tapered optical fiber can be utilized to increase the storage density of the volume hologram. Spatial selectivity of the volume hologram with this method was increased by two times compared to the normal SMF referencing, which is due to the fact that the complicated beam pattern has little correlation with its shifted version 相似文献
33.
BS Kendrick BS Chang T Arakawa B Peterson TW Randolph MC Manning JF Carpenter 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,94(22):11917-11922
Understanding the mechanism for sucrose-induced protein stabilization is important in many diverse fields, ranging from biochemistry and environmental physiology to pharmaceutical science. Timasheff and Lee [Lee, J. C. & Timasheff, S. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7193-7201] have established that thermodynamic stabilization of proteins by sucrose is due to preferential exclusion of the sugar from the protein's surface, which increases protein chemical potential. The current study measures the preferential exclusion of 1 M sucrose from a protein drug, recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra). It is proposed that the degree of preferential exclusion and increase in chemical potential are directly proportional to the protein surface area and that, hence, the system will favor the protein state with the smallest surface area. This mechanism explains the observed sucrose-induced restriction of rhIL-1ra conformational fluctuations, which were studied by hydrogen-deuterium exchange and cysteine reactivity measurements. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy of rhlL-1ra suggested that a more ordered native conformation is induced by sucrose. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that in the presence of sucrose, spin-labeled cysteine 116 becomes more buried in the protein's interior and that the hydrodynamic diameter of the protein is reduced. The preferential exclusion of sucrose from the protein and the resulting shift in the equilibrium between protein states toward the most compact conformation account for sucrose-induced effects on rhIL-1ra. 相似文献
34.
SF Zakharov SH Kwok H Sokoloff HT Chang SP Radko A Chrambach 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,19(10):1625-1630
An automated gel electrophoresis apparatus, recently available commercially, allows one to follow the band during electrophoresis in real time, and lends itself therefore to an evaluation of bandwidth as a function of migration time (the dispersion coefficient), resolution and band shape. These determinations assume the constancy of band area with migration time and at various gel concentrations. The purpose of the present study was to verify these assumptions. Representative proteins and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-proteins, either natively fluorescent or fluorescein carboxylate labeled, were found to exhibit band areas which approach constancy as a function of migration time in both agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, provided that (i) the protein concentration under the band was low enough to obviate self-quenching of fluorescence; (ii) the separation of the protein of interest from contaminants had progressed sufficiently during the time at which band areas were measured; (iii) the baseline under the peak was sufficiently well defined. However, band areas decrease with increasing gel concentration. Protein peaks exhibited leading and trailing tails. The ratio of the combined tail area to total area appeared to be near-constant at varying migration times. However, that ratio increases with increasing gel concentration. The tail area does not appear to be an artifact of fluorometric detection since it is reproduced upon fluorimetric analysis of the protein eluted from gel slices after electrophoresis. However, it may be due to photochemical destruction under the conditions of repetitive fluorometric peak detection. 相似文献
35.
Early patterning of prelimbic cortical axons to the striatal patch compartment in the neonatal mouse
LK Nisenbaum SM Webster SL Chang KD McQueeney JJ LoTurco 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,20(2-3):113-124
The striatum receives excitatory input from virtually the entire cerebral cortex. In the adult, this input is segregated into two functionally distinct compartments of the striatum, the patch (striosome) and matrix regions. This study determined whether the patterning of corticostriatal afferents from the prelimbic cortex to the striatal patch compartment develops during the early period of collateral formation or instead at the time of peak synaptogenesis. Initial formation of corticostriatal axon collaterals was observed by embryonic day (E) 19. Quantification of corticostriatal collaterals revealed a significant increase in the number and complexity of collateral branches at postnatal day 6 as compared to E19. Concomitant with the increase in collateral branching, a heterogeneous pattern of collateralization consisting of parallel rows of corticostriatal collaterals was observed in the medial striatum. In addition to the rows, clusters of corticostriatal axons occurred more laterally. These clusters colocalized with patches of dense tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers, a marker for the striatal patch compartment in the neonatal mouse. Together, these data indicate that corticostriatal patterning occurs during the period of early axon collateralization resulting in a segregation of corticostriatal axon collaterals from the prelimbic cortex to the striatal patch compartment. 相似文献
36.
37.
A new hybrid active power filter (APF) topology 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
In this paper, a new hybrid active power filter topology is presented. A higher-voltage, low-switching frequency insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter and a lower-voltage high-switching frequency metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) inverter are used in combination to achieve harmonic current compensation. The function of the IGBT inverter is to support utility fundamental voltage and to compensate for the fundamental reactive power. The MOSFET inverter fulfills the function of harmonic current compensation. To further reduce cost and to simplify control, the IGBT and MOSFET inverters share the same DC-link via a split capacitor bank. With this approach harmonics can be cancelled over a wide frequency range. Compared to the conventional APF topology, the proposed approach employs lower dc-link voltage and generates less noise. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed active power filter topology is capable of compensating for the load harmonics 相似文献
38.
Kim DeFronzo Haselhoff 《Journal of Urban Affairs》2002,24(4):425-443
I argue that the motivation for the San Fernando Valley secession movement can be explained as a desire for local control based on democratic ideals, but I emphasize that the movement is also motivated in part by the tangible benefits that accompany such autonomy. After a brief look at possible economic and racial motivations behind the secession movement, I look for a political divide between the city and the Valley, based on literature that has found political divisions between urban and suburban areas. Evidence of a political divide is mixed, but does indicate that the Valley lacks representation in comparison to the rest of the city. Valley residents may also fear increasing minority political power, which could erode the dominance of Valley whites at the polls. There is also evidence that those who favor secession are most dissatisfied with representation and most concerned with getting their fair share of services from the city, indicating a strong desire for more local control. Images of a smaller, more democratic government, and a more engaged local civic community are prime motivations in the Valley’s quest for autonomy, though the possibility of reduced taxes, land use control, and increased political power do offer secessionists clear substantive benefits in addition to more democratic goals. 相似文献
39.
Hyun-Goo Kim Wha-Nam Myung K. Sumiyama K. Suzuki 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2002,340(1-2):270-274
We report upon the chemical leaching and magnetic properties of nanoscale crystalline Al0.6(Co25Cu75)0.4 alloy powders produced by rod milling. X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry were used to characterize the as-milled and leached specimens. After 400 h of milling, only the b.c.c. phase of the intermetallic compound γ-Al3.892Cu6.10808 was detected by XRD. After annealing the leached specimen at 600 °C for 1 h, the nanoscale crystalline phase was transformed into the f.c.c. Cu phase, and this was accompanied by a change in the magnetic properties. The peaks of the magnetization shifted towards lower temperature with increasing external field. The temperature behavior at Tf (45 K) for direct current (d.c.) magnetic susceptibility measurements was quite different for field cooling and zero-field cooling. After cooling the leached specimen from 800 °C, magnetization increased gradually. 相似文献
40.