Molecular dynamic study for nanopatterning using atomic force microscopy

The atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanolithographic technique is currently used to directly machine material surfaces and fabricate nanocomponents for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. In the current study, three-dimensional molecular dynamic (MD) simulations with potentials based on the Morse function were performed to evaluate the effect of crystallographic factors and process variables on the nanodeformation characteristics of the nanolithography processing of monocrystalline copper. Moreover, the effects of process variables (tool shape, cutting speed, and ploughing depth) on the nanostructural pattern are investigated. The simulation results revealed that the crystal orientation and ploughing direction had a significant influence on varying the forces (cutting force, thrust force, and width-direction force); the nature of the nanodeformation ahead of the tool; and the surface quality of the machined material.     

Effect of Hot Band Annealing on Magnetic Properties in 3% Si Grain‐oriented Electrical Steels

Hot band annealing is known to be a prerequisite for good magnetic properties irrespective of manufacturing methods in grain‐oriented Fe‐3 wt.% Si electrical steels. In this study, the effects of hot band annealing on magnetic properties were investigated in 3% grain‐oriented electrical steels of low soluble AI contents and one‐stage cold rolling. Microstructure and precipitate distribution were compared with hot band annealing conditions. Secondary recrystallization behaviour with hot band annealing condition was also discussed.     

A new LDPC decoding algorithm aided by segmented cyclic redundancy checks for magnetic recording channels

We introduce a new low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding algorithm that exploits the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of data segments. By using the error detection property of the CRC, we can successively decode data segments of a codeword corrupted by random errors and erasures. The key idea is that the messages from the variable nodes with correct checksum are fixed to deterministic log likelihood ratio values during LDPC iterative decoding. This approach improves the decoding speed and codeword error rate without significant modification of the LDPC decoding structure. Moreover, the CRC is also used for an early stopping criterion of LDPC decoding. Simulation results verify our claims.     

Fuel coolant interaction experiments in TROI using a UO2/ZrO2 mixture

This paper discusses the results of steam explosion experiments using reactor material carried out under “Test for Real cOrium Interaction with water (TROI)” program. About 4–9 kg of corium melt jet is delivered into a sub-cooled water pool at atmospheric pressure. Spontaneous steam explosions are observed in four tests among six tests. The dynamic pressure, dynamic load, and morphology of debris clearly indicate the cases with steam explosion. The initial conditions and results of the experiments are discussed.     

Development of the critical film thickness correlation for an advanced annular film mechanistic dryout model applicable to MARS code

It is generally assumed in the mechanistic film dryout model that the critical heat flux (CHF) arises when liquid film calculated from evaporation, droplet entrainment and deposition gets dryout. The dryout of film is usually assumed when film thickness becomes zero. However, it was indicated that the complete dryout assumption can estimate CHF well for uniform heating case but cannot simulate accurately for non-uniform heating case. The critical film thickness concept may be an appropriate approach physically because there is a possibility of instantaneous disappearance of liquid film when it gets very thin. Therefore, a critical dryout film thickness correlation was developed to properly model dryout phenomenon together with MARS code based on experimental data. The modified version of MARS implementing a newly developed critical dryout film thickness correlation was assessed using various dryout data including those of non-uniform heating case and flow reduction transient test. The prediction results showed improved agreement with the experimental data.     

Context Switching in a Run-Time Reconfigurable System

A distinguishing feature of reconfigurable computing over rapid prototyping is its ability to configure the computational fabric on-line while an application is running. Conventional reconfigurable computing platforms utilize commodity FPGAs, which typically have relatively long configuration times. Shrinking the configuration time down to the nanosecond region opens possibilities for rapid context switching and virtualizing the computational resources. An experimental context-switching FPGA, called the CSRC, has been created by BAE Systems, and gives researchers the opportunity to explore context-switching applications. This paper presents results obtained from constructing both control-driven and data-driven context switching applications on the CSRC device, along with unique properties of the run-time and compile-time environment.     

Striping and Scheduling for Large Scale Multimedia Servers

When designing a multimedia server, several things must be decided: which scheduling scheme to adopt, how to allocate multimedia objects on storage devices, and the round length with which the streams will be serviced. Several problems in the designing of large-scale multimedia servers are addressed, with the following contributions: (1) a striping scheme is proposed that minimizes the number of seeks and hence maximizes the performance; (2) a simple and efficient mechanism is presented to find the optimal striping unit size as well as the optimal round length, which exploits both the characteristics of VBR streams and the situation of resources in the system; and (3) the characteristics and resource requirements of several scheduling schemes are investigated in order to obtain a clear indication as to which scheme shows the best performance in realtime multimedia servicing. Based on our analysis and experimental results, the CSCAN scheme outperforms the other schemes. It is believed that the results ar     

Fuzzy disturbance observer approach to robust tracking control of nonlinear sampled systems with the guaranteed suboptimal H/sub /spl infin// performance

This paper presents a new approach to robust tracking control of the nonlinear sampled systems using a discrete-time fuzzy disturbance observer (DFDO). Novel update and control laws are proposed to guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop control system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in a compact set. No persistence of excitation (PE) condition, nor the assumption on the slowness of the change of the fuzzy parameters, is required. In addition, a robustifying controller is designed to improve the tracking performance. Finally, a computer simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the suggested method.     

Robust Stable Fuzzy Control via Fuzzy Modeling and Feedback Linearization with Its Applications to Controlling Uncertain Single-link Flexible Joint Manipulators

In this paper, a robust stable fuzzy control design based on feedback linearization is presented. Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is used as representing the nonlinear plant model and uncertainty is assumed to be included in the model structure with known bounds. For this structured uncertainty, the closed system can be analyzed by applying the perturbation system stability analysis to the fuzzy feedback linearization systems and a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system with bounded parameter uncertainties. Based on the developed analysis method, we can design a robust fuzzy controller by choosing the control parameters satisfying the robust stability condition.     

Electrostatic actuation of three-dimensional MEMS mirrors using sidewall electrodes

We propose and demonstrate electrostatic sidewall-electrodes actuation of three-dimensional (3-D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gimbal mirrors. The linearity of the mirror angle dependence on actuation voltage is improved with the sidewall-electrodes actuation. In addition, the undesired spring-softening effect commonly found in electrostatic actuation, where the mirror resonance frequency decreases with increased tilt angle, is significantly reduced. Sidewall actuation enables superior performance of 3-D MEMS mirrors including large pull-in angles, reduced actuation voltages, improved device reliability, and fast switching times.