A local view on the Hudetz correction of the Yager entropy of dynamical systems

In this paper, we define a local version of Hudetz correction for the Yager entropy of dynamical systems. It is proved that the introduced function is indeed a local entropy map for the Hudetz correction of the Yager entropy, in the sense that, the Hudetz correction of the Yager entropy of a continuous map on a compact metric space is attained by integrating the introduced local entropy.     

Effects of plasma parameters on increasing the purity of nitrogen atom encapsulated fullerene in an RF plasma

Relatively high purity of nitrogen atom encapsulated fullerene (N@C₆₀) has been synthesized by an electron beam superimposed radio frequency (RF) discharge plasma method. Nitrogen species are characterized by an optical emission spectroscopy (OES); and a relationship between optical emission spectra and the purity of N@C₆₀ has been examined. It is observed that the increased amount of nitrogen molecule ions impinging on the sublimated fullerenes enhance the synthesis of N@C₆₀. Here, it is cleared that the efficient synthesis of N@C₆₀ is possible by controlling the parameters of electron beam superimposed RF plasma. As a consequence, comparatively high purity of about 0.08% of N@C₆₀ has been obtained.     

Conductive Recyclable Organogel Composites

As the use of automation in industry accelerates, the development of flexible, electrically conducting materials with the requisite environmental resilience for impact‐resistant sensors, foldable electronics, and electrostatic shielding are needed; simultaneously, recyclability for these materials remains a crucial attribute. Traditional conductive stretchable materials, such as rubbers, are not recyclable, and hydrogel materials have limited applications due to water evaporation and operating temperature range. Comparatively, organogels can be formulated with enhanced tunability, matrix recyclability, and the ability to support many conductive fillers. Here, rheology, mechanical testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterize the nanoscale interactions between carbon fillers, the liquid phase, and the network matrix in hemiaminal dynamic covalent network (HDCN) organogels. HDCN chemical equilibria are shown to strongly influence macroscopic gel properties, while HDCN composites exhibit very high conductivities up to 9.95 mS cm^?1 appropriate for sensing applications, demonstrating promise as recyclable alternatives for conductive stretchable materials.     

Application nonparametric criteria in the analysis of oil fields development

Waterflood or pressure maintenance project is considered one of several methods of enhanced oil recovery, which is widely being used in oil fields. Water injection efficiency analysis is very important for operation future plan and finds out if any opportunity is available to improve project performance. The conventional methods beside nonparametric criteria have been applied in this research in order to evaluate water injection operation. Gini coefficient analysis has been used to illustrate the water injection impact in terms of oil and water production trends over the time of injection operation.     

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Ba-Cd-Sr-Ti Doped Fe3O4 Nanohollow Spheres on Removal of Congo Red Under Visible-Light Irradiation

In this study, Ba-Cd-Sr-Ti doped Fe₃O₄ nanohollow spheres were successfully prepared via a simple solvothermal method. The crystal size, structure, morphology and elemental analysis of the as-prepared sample were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis measurement was carried out on a vibrant sample magnetometer (VSM) showing the soft ferromagnetic property at room temperature. The synthesized nanohollow spheres were employed as a photocatalyst to study the photocatalytic degradation of dye contaminations. The UV-Vis results showed that the specimen could well catalyze the decolorizing of congo red (CR) solution and a removal efficiency of 99.5 % was obtained at pH 6. The optical characteristic of the products was studied by estimating the band-gap energy based on diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) which represented the doped magnetite with semiconductor metals to be more prone in the visible region as compared to UV region. Some factors such as initial dye concentration, pH, and contact time influencing the decomposition of CR were evaluated.     

PhosphoTyrosyl Phosphatase Activator of Plasmodium falciparum: Identification of Its Residues Involved in Binding to and Activation of PP2A

In Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the causative agent of the deadliest form of malaria, a tight regulation of phosphatase activity is crucial for the development of the parasite. In this study, we have identified and characterized PfPTPA homologous to PhosphoTyrosyl Phosphatase Activator, an activator of protein phosphatase 2A which is a major phosphatase involved in many biological processes in eukaryotic cells. The PfPTPA sequence analysis revealed that five out of six amino acids involved in interaction with PP2A in human are conserved in P. falciparum. Localization studies showed that PfPTPA and PfPP2A are present in the same compartment of blood stage parasites, suggesting a possible interaction of both proteins. In vitro binding and functional studies revealed that PfPTPA binds to and activates PP2A. Mutation studies showed that three residues (V²⁸³, G²⁹² and M²⁹⁶) of PfPTPA are indispensable for the interaction and that the G²⁹² residue is essential for its activity. In P. falciparum, genetic studies suggested the essentiality of PfPTPA for the completion of intraerythrocytic parasite lifecycle. Using Xenopus oocytes, we showed that PfPTPA blocked the G2/M transition. Taken together, our data suggest that PfPTPA could play a role in the regulation of the P. falciparum cell cycle through its PfPP2A regulatory activity.     

Analysis of steelmaking kinetics from IMPHOS pilot plant data

It is widely accepted that understanding the kinetics of steelmaking is a complex task, and reliable and validated kinetics models are required for developing successful steelmaking process models. Therefore, as an initial attempt, this paper analyses the applicability of first order kinetics to explain the steelmaking reaction kinetics using the published data in the IMproving Phosphorus Refining research report. The process data for 20 heats in a 6?tonne pilot plant were analysed for the removal of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus using first order kinetics with static and dynamic equilibrium conditions. It was observed that the removal behaviour of silicon closely followed a first order kinetics relationship, while that of carbon only approximately followed a first order kinetics relationship. The removal of manganese did not show a good degree of fit with first order kinetics using static equilibrium condition, but a clear improvement was observed when calculated using dynamic equilibrium condition. In contrast, the kinetics of phosphorus oxidation did not follow any first order relationship.     

A Novel Algebraic Technique for the Construction of Strong Substitution Box

Magnetic induction applications mostly rely on resonance for inducing maximum magnetic fields to system loads and hence for each resonant frequency dedicated circuits are required. Unfortunately, the frequency responses of such inductive systems manifest several peaks (frequency splitting) when their coupling coefficients are equal to or larger than critical coupling. Such frequency responses with several peaks are detrimental when the objective is to transfer maximum energy. Frequency splitting between inductive coils have been seen to date as detrimental to wireless power transfer and inductive communication systems. In this paper it is demonstrated that frequency splitting is a welcome phenomenon with advantage in the design of inductive filter banks and multi-frequency inductive systems. The centre frequencies of the filter banks result from split bands of inductive systems. This phenomenon is applied in conjunction with an innovative recursive algorithm to design inductive filter banks. The filters straddle both sides of the resonant frequency position and can be resolved individually.