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71.
Surveyed the prevalence of weight reducing and weight gaining in 1,373 high school students. 63% of the girls and 16.2% of the boys reported being on weight-reducing regimens; 9.1% of the girls and 28.4% of the boys were trying to gain weight. Most female reducers and male gainers were already normal weight. Whites and Hispanics were more likely to be reducing, whereas Blacks were more likely to be gaining. Exercise and moderate caloric reduction were most popular for weight reducing, and a small but significant number were regularly using fasting, vomiting, laxatives, and appetite suppressants. The rate of weight reducing in female high school adolescents has increased significantly since similar surveys of American youths 20 yrs ago. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
72.
73.
James Caffrey Conor Power 《电子设计技术》2005,12(8):15-15
传统的高精密电容检测和阻抗检测应用需要将一套收集的分立器件巧妙的组合起来以提供完整的测量解决方案。这种方法不仅在器件选择方面十分耗时,并且由于各个应用之间即使有很小的差异,也需要做大量设计验证、评估、优化和鉴定。 相似文献
74.
Anthony Hendrikus Overmars Dario John Toncich 《International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems》1994,6(4):311-331
This paper presents a critical evaluation of existing FMS architectures and the academic and industrial design and development strategies used during their formulation. The paper seeks to address the need for, and value of, existing architectures within the industrial arena. More importantly however, this paper puts forward a new two-tier distributed control architecture for FMS based upon new (real-time) networkable DSP servo control methodologies developed by one of the authors for Softronics in Australia. The ramifications of these methodologies are substantial, not only in terms of FMS control, but in the overall simplification of such systems and the development of flexible fixturing devices over the coming decade. This paper also postulates on how new FMS architectures can be developed from such technologies and details why such architectures could be more appropriate to industry needs than those that are currently in existence. 相似文献
75.
Anirban Chakraborty James C. Earthman 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1997,28(4):979-989
Finite element simulations of the high-temperature behavior of single-phase γ, dual-phase α2+γ, and fully lamellar (FL) α2+γTiAl intermetallic alloy microstructures have been performed. Nonlinear viscous primary creep deformation is modeled in
each phase based on published creep data. Models were also developed that incorporate grain boundary and lath boundary sliding
in addition to the dislocation creep flow within each phase. Overall strain rates are compared to gain an understanding of
the relative influence each of these localized deformation mechanisms has on the creep strength of the microstructures considered.
Facet stress enhancement factors were also determined for the transverse grain facets in each model to examine the relative
susceptibility to creep damage. The results indicate that a mechanism for unrestricted sliding of γ lath boundaries theorized
by Hazzledine and co-workers leads to unrealistically high strain rates. However, the results also suggest that the greater
creep strength observed experimentally for the lamellar microstructure is primarily due to inhibited former grain boundary
sliding (GBS) in this microstructure compared to relatively unimpeded GBS in the equiaxed microstructures. The serrated nature
of the former grain boundaries generally observed for lamellar TiAl alloys is consistent with this finding. 相似文献
76.
O Hanisch CA Cortella MM Boskovic RA James J Slots UM Wikesj? 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,68(1):59-66
Factor V Leiden mutation was initially detected in thrombophilic patients and relatives by PCR RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) according to Bertina (1). This technique presents some drawbacks and the current trend is to simplify the diagnosis. We describe a technique of Allele Specific Amplification (ASA) which is optimized in terms of reliability: an additional mismatch in antepenultimate position enables to obtain the same specificity as PCR RFLP. Furthermore, coamplification of internal control warrants an optimal sensitivity. All the PCR have been simplified: the DNA extraction improvement allows to analyse the genotype with only a few microliters of whole blood whatever the anticoagulant and the procedure of preservation (freezing, dried blood spots, storage at +4 degrees C for several days). This technique saves time. Moreover, full automation of the ASA technique may be shortened thanks to the lack of extraction and the positive/negative reading of the PCR signal. 相似文献
77.
James A. Ward 《Information Systems Management》1997,14(1):62-65
The road to employee empowerment runs between true commitment on the one side and enforced compliance and chaos on the other. By following this column's guidelines, IS managers can steer their organizations to success and help free employees to be more creative in terms of both quality and productivity. 相似文献
78.
Sir James Lighthill 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》1996,30(1-2):35-78
Helical distributions of stokeslets can valuably model microbial locomotion through a fluid, and also the flow field generated, wherever a flagellum actively executes helical undulations (as in many single-celled algae and protozoa) or where (as in many bacteria) the action of rotary motors causes a passive structure of helical shape (which may be a flagellum or else the cell body itself) to rotate. Here, previous biomechanical studies of such modes of locomotion are extended to include analyses of three-dimensional flow fields. In some cases, a rotlet field (curl of a stokeslet) needs to be incorporated in the models. For example, spirochete swimming is modelled by combined helical distributions of stokeslets and rotlets; the computed flow field being confined to within distances of less than twice the radius of the cell body's helical shape from its axis, while including a powerful jet-like interior flow through the coils of the swimming spirochete. 相似文献
79.
Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Rinia Ed J. van Leeuwen Thed N. Bruins Eppo E. W. van Vuren Hendrik G. van Raan Anthony F. J. 《Scientometrics》2002,54(3):347-362
In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of
science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between
disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication
output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within
the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second
topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance
of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact
of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as
well.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
80.
Michael Anthony Puso Tod A. Laursen 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,54(8):1161-1194
In this work, a method is developed for smoothing three‐dimensional contact surfaces. The method can be applied to both regular and irregular meshes. The algorithm employs Gregory patches to interpolate finite element nodes and provide tangent plane continuity between adjacent patches. The resulting surface interpolation is used to calculate gaps and contact forces, in a variationally consistent way, such that contact forces due to normal and frictional contact vary smoothly as slave nodes transition from one patch to the next. This eliminates the ‘chatter’ which typically occurs in a standard contact algorithm when a slave node is situated near a master facet edge. The elimination of this chatter provides a significant improvement in convergence behaviour, which is illustrated by a number of numerical examples. Furthermore, smoothed surfaces also provide a more accurate representation of the actual surface, such that resulting stresses and forces can be more accurately computed with coarse meshes in many problems. This fact is also demonstrated by the numerical examples. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献