A computer-aided design procedure for radial and mixed flow compressors

A technique is described for the analytical representation of the geometry of radial and mixed flow compressor impellers constructed of radial or non-radial blade elements. A similar analytical expression is used to describe the hub, shroud, and camberline curves; if required, the angle of inclination of the blade elements from the radial direction is also described. These analytical expressions lend themselves to rapid manipulation, enabling the designer to apply established two- and three-dimensional fluid dynamic analysis procedures to a wide range of possible design configurations.The analytical expressions completely specify the impeller passage geometry from which computer graphics output can be obtained to give isometric, plan and side views of the impeller. For manufacturing, the computer graphics subroutine supplies a series of flow passage sections on a large scale at any number of axial stations specified by the designer. These passage sections are used in the construction of templates from which the impeller is manufactured using copy milling techniques. The analytical specification also gives a detailed co-ordinate specification of the impeller for use with numerically controlled machines.     

NCS and DIN notations for the OSA-UCS atlas samples

NCS (C/1931) and DIN (C/1931 and D65/1964) notations of the 558 OSA-UCS atlas samples are presented in two tables. One table provides the NCS and DIN notations for the 424 regular samples; the other for the 134 near-neutral (half-step) samples.     

Volume-activated chloride currents in pancreatic duct cells

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of stromelysin treatment on biochemical, histologic, and swelling characteristics of intact cartilage explants and to correlate these effects with changes in the functional physical properties of the tissue. METHODS: Bovine articular cartilage explants were cultured for up to 3 days in the presence or absence of recombinant human stromelysin (SLN). Damage to matrix proteoglycans and collagens was assessed and characterized by N-terminal sequencing and Western blot analysis, respectively. Explants were mechanically tested to assess the ability of the tissue to withstand cyclic and static compressive loads. RESULTS: Treatment with SLN resulted in a time- and dose-dependent loss of proteoglycans from cartilage explants, with significant loss seen after 3 days of exposure to 20 nM SLN: Histology indicated that initial loss of proteoglycans occurred in regions near the tissue surface and proceeded inward with increasing time of SLN exposure. SLN treatment resulted in degradation of matrix collagen types IX and II, and a concomitant increase in tissue swelling. This matrix degradation resulted in severe alterations in functional physical properties of the tissue, including compressive stiffness. The initial, focal loss of proteoglycans that resulted from SLN treatment was most accurately detected with high-frequency streaming potential measurements. CONCLUSION: Exposure of intact cartilage to SLN caused specific, molecular-level degradation of matrix molecules, which resulted in changes in the swelling behavior and marked deterioration of functional physical properties of the tissue.     

Heterogeneity in the families of sons of alcoholics: The impact of familial vulnerability type on offspring characteristics.

In 2 samples of sons of alcoholics (family history positive for alcoholism; FHP: N?=?74 & N?=?72), cluster analyses identified 3 subtypes of familial vulnerability: 1 with low levels of familial psychopathology (FHP-LP) and moderate levels of familial alcoholism; a 2nd with high levels of familial antisocial personality (FHP-ASP), violence, and alcoholism; and a 3rd with high levels of familial depression (FHP-DEP), mania, anxiety disorder, and alcoholism. Compared with family history negative (FHN) participants (N?=?106), FHP offspring had higher levels of alcohol problems. FHP-ASP offspring had elevated levels of antisocial traits and negative affect. Compared with FHN participants, FHP-DEP offspring elevated levels of antisocial traits, hypomania, and experience seeking. FHP-LP offspring had moderate levels of antisocial traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting injury risk with “New Car Assessment Program” crashworthiness ratings

The relationship between crashworthiness ratings produced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) and the risk of incapacitating injury or death for drivers who are involved in single-car, fixed-object, frontal collisions was examined. The results are based on 6,405 such crashes from the Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident file of the Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation. The risk of injury was modeled using logistic regression taking into account the NCAP test results for each individual model of car and the intervening effects of car mass, age of the driver, restraint use, and crash severity. Three measures of anthropometric dummy response, Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Chest Deceleration (CD), and femur load were used to indicate vehicle crash test performance. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the results of the NCAP tests and the risk of serious injury or death in actual single-car frontal accidents. In terms of overall injury, chest deceleration was a better predictor than the Head Injury Criterion. For restrained drivers, crash severity, driver age, and chest deceleration were significant parameters for predicting risk of serious injury or death; the risk of injury decreased as chest deceleration decreased. The results were similar for unrestrained drivers although vehicle mass and femur load were also significant factors in the model. The risk of overall injury decreased as chest deceleration decreased but appeared to decrease as femur load increased.     

The status of Black males in America: A data base search.

Discusses database searching strategies for topics in psychology, using, as an example, the present authors' (1988) bibliography of research on Black males in the US, compiled from the PsycINFO database. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inverse relationship between galactokinase activity and 2-deoxygalactose resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Galactokinase activity is reduced in 12 independent clones of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to 2-deoxygalactose. The frequency of resistant colonies is increased with chemical mutagens. The resistant phenotype is stable in the absence of selection. There is an inverse correlation between the levels of galactokinase activity and the cloning efficiency in deoxygalactose. Cells with high resistance have 1% or less of the enzyme activity observed in the parental cells; while cells with low resistance have 10-30% galactokinase activity. Studies with tetraploid hybrid cells reveal that resistance to deoxygalactose is a recessive trait and that cells with high resistance do not complement those with low resistance. In cell lines with low resistance, the Km for galactose, Ki for deoxygalactose, Km for ATP, and thermolability were not significantly altered compared to sensitive parental cells. Although the possibility of mutation at the structural gene locus has not been ruled out, the reduced enzyme activity may also be due to mutation at a regulatory site which affects the number of galactokinase molecules per cell.     

WEDS: a Web services-based environment for distributed simulation

Web services have the potential to radically enhance the ability of researchers to make use of distributed computing resources, but jargon and a plethora of standards make their use almost impossible for the scientist without prior experience of the necessary technologies. A powerful and simple WSRF-based middleware scheme is presented, designed to let scientists remotely deploy single or multiple instances of a pre-existing code across multiple resources, and giving steering, visualization and workflow functionality with only simple modifications to program code. It is hoped that the development and implementation of such a toolkit will be relevant not only to the problem of deploying workstation-class codes in real time, but also the move towards more tractable alternatives to the Globus toolkit for deployment of processes in a high-performance computing environment.