Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary The alcohol-soluble portion of the settlings which separate from clear crude cottonseed oil has been studied further. Although the oil had stood in the laboratory for about 3 years before the settlings were removed for the investigation, it was free from rancidity and in excellent condition. Palmitin, amounting to about 25 per cent, and di-palmitin, amounting to about 1 per cent of the total settlings, were isolated and identified. About 0.1 per cent of a phytosteroline, which gave an acetyl derivative melting at 166° to 167° C., was obtained. It appears from the results of this investigation that the dipalmitin, which was probably produced by the hydrolysis of a very small quantity of a tri-glyceride, accounts in part for the acetyl value obtained with cottonseed oil. As no investigation has succeeded in showing the presence of any hydroxy acids in cottonseed, or for that matter in many other oils giving a comparatively small acetyl value, the values noted may be largely due to the presence of small quantities of various di-glycerides.     

Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary A small quantity of so-called vegetable mucilage was separated from crude cottonseed oil. It was precipitated from an aqueous solution by normal lead acetate. No water-soluble gum could be detected. Experiments showed that this mucilage readily emulsifies the oil with water and that the emulsion does not break after standing for several days. It is believed that the mucilage constitutes only a very small part of the non-glyceride substances present in the oil. Treating the oil with water and then extracting the separated oil repeatedly with large volumes of alcohol only removes part of the resin. The resin is partially removed from an alcoholic solution by an alcoholic solution of copper acetate in the form of a dark yellow flocculent precipitate. The copper salt is insoluble in alcohol and ether. It is believed that part of the deep red color of the crude oil is due to this resin. Presented at the 16th Annual Convention of The Am. Oil Chem. Soc’y, New Orleans, May, 1925.     

Constituents of crude cottonseed oil

Summary Crude cottonseed oil contains in addition to the constituents previously reported a lecithin type of phosphatide which gives an ether-soluble compound with cadmium chloride. This phosphatide can only be partially removed from the oil by extraction with alcohol. It has been found in the “settlings” from this oil. The treatment of the oil with water causes only a partial separation of this phosphatide. The phosphatides, resins, and presumably other substances present in small quantities in the crude oil have emulsifying properties and are undoubtedly the cause in part for the retention of oil in the soap stock when the oil is refined by caustic soda.     

‘WAKE/UP/AND/DREAM/FOR/THE/EIGHTIES’: Nigel Coates 1975–82

Nigel Coates graduated from Bernard Tschumi's unit at the Architectural Association in 1974, before joining him in 1977 to develop a new unit together. These were formative years for Coates, a period that shaped his architectural preoccupations for the following decades – yet they remain relatively unexplored. Between 1974 and 1977, Coates produced a number of installation and performance works with the artist Antonio Lagarto and fellow AA graduate Jenny Lowe, influenced by Tschumi's own explorations with the curator RoseLee Goldberg, and their exhibition at the Royal College of Art, A Space: A Thousand Words (1975). The works considered the potential for space to be amplified by the introduction of markers, representations of other spaces and the movement of the body. This article exposes these works for the first time, tracing the changes in Coates's thinking during this period and how it was reflected in the Unit 10 briefs that he and Tschumi developed in the period 1977–80. It chronicles Coates's pivotal trips to New York during 1980–81 to teach at Bennington College, where his exposure to a dynamic club-scene and influential new art would mark a step change in the young architect's trajectory. Charting Coates's development through his own work and his teaching at the AA, the article constructs the background from which the radical architectural group NATØ emerged in 1983.