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81.
Jan van Leeuwen 《Minds and Machines》2014,24(1):5-17
Abstraction is arguably one of the most important methods in modern science in analysing and understanding complex phenomena. In his book The Philosophy of Information, Floridi (The philosophy of information. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011) presents the method of levels of abstraction as the main method of the Philosophy of Information. His discussion of abstraction as a method seems inspired by the formal methods and frameworks of computer science, in which abstraction is operationalised extensively in programming languages and design methodologies. Is it really clear what we should understand by levels of abstraction? How should they be specified? We will argue that levels of abstraction should be augmented with annotations, in order to express semantic information for them and reconcile the method of level of abstraction (LoA’s) with other approaches. We discuss the extended method when applied e.g. to the analysis of abstract machines. This will lead to an example in which the number of LoA’s is unbounded. 相似文献
82.
Geschäftsmodelle 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Prof. Dr. Daniel Veit Prof. Eric Clemons Prof. Dr. Alexander Benlian Prof. Dr. Peter Buxmann Prof. Dr. Thomas Hess Prof. Dr. Dennis Kundisch Prof. Dr. Jan Marco Leimeister Prof. Dr. Peter Loos Prof. Dr. Martin Spann 《WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK》2014,56(1):55-64
The business model concept, although a relatively new topic for research, has garnered growing attention over the past decade. Whilst it has been robustly defined, the concept has so far attracted very little substantive research. In the context of the wide-spread digitization of businesses and society at large, the logic inherent in a business model has become critical for business success and, hence, a focus for academic inquiry. The business model concept is identified as the missing link between business strategy, processes, and Information Technology (IT). The authors argue that the BISE community offers distinct and unique competencies (e.g., translating business strategies into IT systems, managing business and IT processes, etc.) that can be harnessed for significant research contributions to this field. Within this research gap three distinct streams are delineated, namely, business models in IT industries, IT enabled or digital business models, and IT support for developing and managing business models. For these streams, the current state of the art, suggest critical research questions, and suitable research methodologies are outlined. 相似文献
83.
Jan Pospíil 《大分子材料与工程》1988,158(1):221-231
Inherent chemical activity, physical persistence and good compatibility are factors determining the efficiency of a stabilizer observed during the degradation of amorphous and crystalline synthetic polymers. Synthesis of macromolecular stabilizers is one of the ways used to solve the problem of physical persistency of stabilizers under severe aggressive environmental attacks on polymers. General types of macromolecular stabilizers, routes to their synthesis and characteristic examples of macromolecular antioxidants, UV absorbers, hindered amine light stabilizers, flame retarders and biostabilizers, as well as of polyfunctional systems are given. Problems connected with the use of macromolecular stabilizers are mentioned. 相似文献
84.
Jan‐Chan Huang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,91(5):2894-2902
Experimental values of the Flory–Huggins parameter, χ, between polymers and solvents, are frequently used to determine the solubility parameters of the polymers. A method using nonlinear curve fitting of RTχ/V was compared to the linear regression method commonly used. It was found that the formulas for the solubility parameter were the same, but the linear method produced a slightly different entropy term. The nonlinear method gave a lower correlation coefficient and wider confidence intervals and was more effective at distinguishing systems than the linear model. The effect of the deviation of probes in the solubility parameter model is discussed. Using probes with low solubility parameters to measure the polymer solubility parameter gave wider confidence intervals. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2894–2902, 2004 相似文献
85.
Seung Bum Kil Yannick Augros Yves Leterrier Jan‐Anders E. Mnson Andreas Christel Camille Borer 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2003,43(2):329-343
The rheological properties in solution, in shear and in uniaxial elongation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reacted together with hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) were investigated. Two different PET grades, of low and high molecular weights, were compounded with sub‐ to over‐stoichiometric concentrations of HBPs of second and fourth pseudo‐generation, and subsequently subjected to a solid‐state polycondensation (SSP). The formation of microgels, which occurs at high HBP concentration, gave rise to a large increase in melt elasticity and a related decrease in melt strength. At low HBP concentrations, the complex viscosity of the unreacted HBP/PET was considerably reduced, thus demonstrating a lubrication effect of the HBP molecules. During SSP, the intrinsic and shear viscosities exhibited a gradual increase, which was similar for both PET and HBP/PET blends, and was correlated to an increase in molecular weight, through linear‐chain extension and branching reactions. The elongational viscosity of the reactive blends was also increased as a function of reaction time, and this increase was much larger in the case of the HBP/PET blends. A 400% increase in melt strength of the PET was obtained by combining SSP and trace amounts of an HBP of second generation, without any decrease in drawability. 相似文献
86.
Johannes G. A. Terlingen Gijsbert A. J. Takens Frederik J. Van Der Gaag Allan S. Hoffman Jan Feijen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1994,52(1):39-53
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) films were treated with either an argon or a tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasma and subsequently analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PAAc films were decarboxylated during both types of plasma treatments. In addition, during the CF4 plasma treatment, the PAAc films became fluorinated. The plasma phase during the argon plasma treatment of PAAc films was investigated with optical emission spectroscopy. It was shown that during this plasma treatment carbon dioxide, water, and possibly hydrogen were liberated from the PAAc surface. By covering the surface of PAAc films with different materials (lithium fluoride, UV fused silica, and glass) during the plasma treatment, it was possible to differentiate between photochemically induced and particle-induced changes of the surface. This method was used to show that decarboxylation during the argon plasma treatment was caused by vacuum UV radiation (wavelength < 150 nm) and the decarboxylation/fluorination during the CF4 plasma treatment was induced by reactive fluorine-containing species from the plasma phase. Furthermore, during both processes, etching of the PAAc surface occurred. Based on these mechanisms, kinetic models were derived that could be used to describe the measured kinetic data adequately. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
87.
Fábio J. P. Sousa Jan C. Aurich Walter L. Weingaertner Orestes E. Alarcon 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(11):3468-3477
Several kinds of glossiness pattern can be seen on the surface of porcelain stoneware tiles right after the polishing process, as a function of the kinematics performed by the polishing heads. For the newest generation of industrial polishing trains, where a transverse oscillation is included, there is still a great need for literature about the resulting patterns. This paper intends to find the spatial distribution of time under polishing analytically using the kinematics equations involved in the polishing process. The measured values of glossiness collected from three polished tiles are also presented. The importance of adopting a good kinematics for the polishing process has been highlighted, and the equations developed herein are useful tools for further attempts at optimizing the polishing process. 相似文献
88.
Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle-Matrix Composites 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Janet B. Davis Jan P. A. Löfvander Anthony G. Evans Ewald Bischoff Mario L. Emiliani 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1993,76(5):1249-1257
The current interest in tough, high-temperature materials has motivated fiber coating development for brittle-matrix composites with brittle reinforcements. Such coatings are needed for controlled interface debonding and frictional sliding. The system investigated in this study was sapphire fiber-reinforced alumina. This system is thermochemically stable for severe use conditions, exhibits little thermal expansion mismatch, and utilizes the excellent strength and creep resistance of sapphire reinforcements. Porous oxide and refractory metal coatings which satisfy requirements for toughness improvement in these composites were identified by employing a variety of newly developed mechanical testing techniques for determining the interfacial fracture energies and sliding resistances. 相似文献
89.
90.
Benedikt Ley Corinna Ogonowski Jan Hess Tim Reichling Lin Wan Volker Wulf 《Behaviour & Information Technology》2014,33(8):815-828
Technological infrastructure at home is changing continuously and is becoming increasingly interconnected. Media devices, including the TV set, provide access to the Internet and offer manifold opportunities to consume media on demand. Additionally, personal devices, such as smartphones, also enable flexible consumption and sharing of media. Questions about how these technologies change the user's media usage and how these changes affect the social structure of a household, however, remain largely unanswered. In order to gain insight into the adoption of new technologies into daily routines, we explored these changes in respect of people's media usage in a qualitative long-term Living Lab study. We will present findings regarding personal routines, flexible integration of new devices into existing practices, influences on households as social systems and related issues in device access and collective use. We will highlight potentials and conflicts regarding device shifts and roles; restrictions in device access; social influences in the living room; and individual changes in media consumption. 相似文献