Kapazit?t der verschiedenen Teile des Verdauungsapparates des Rothirsches (Cervus elaphus L.)

Zusammenfassung An drei Hirschen wurden die Gewichte und Volumina des Verdauungstraktes festgestellt. Die absolute und relative Kaparität, das Verhältnis der Kapazität zum Körpergewicht sowie die Länge und Gewichte der einzelnen Verdauungsabschnitte und deren Inhalt sind in Tabellen angegeben.

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Summary In case of three red deer weights and volumes of the digestive tract were stated. Absolute and relative capacity, the relation of capacity to body weights as well as length and weights of different digestive sections and their contents have been stated in tables.

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Résumé Sur trios cerfs on déterminait les poids et les volumes de l'appareil de la digestion. La capacité absolue et relative, la rélation de la capacité au poids du corps, ainsi que la longueur et les poids des diffrentes sections digestives et leur contenu sont présentés en tableaux.

     

Selected mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from antique churches of Central Poland

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is the most frequently used building material in old churches of Central Poland. In the article, the density and compressive strength of Scots pine heartwood samples taken from old churches from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth century were examined. The properties of the old wood were compared with contemporary wood of similar density. The results showed better quality of the ancient wood as compared to modern wood.     

Wet electroscrubbers for state of the art gas cleaning

Current trends observed in air pollution control technology are closely related to the development of new, more efficient hybrid systems, i.e., those, which simultaneously utilize two or more physical mechanisms for dust or gaseous contaminants removal. These systems can operate more economically than conventional devices, especially in the removal of PM2.5 particles. The electrostatic scrubber (electroscrubber), discussed in this paper, is one of such types of devices, which combines advantages of electrostatic precipitators and inertial wet scrubbers, and removes many shortcomings inherent to both of these systems operating independently. The electroscrubber is a device in which Coulomb attraction or repulsion forces between electrically charged scrubbing droplets (collector) and dust particles are utilized for the removal of particles from a gas. Unlike wet electrostatic precipitators in which particles are precipitated only on the collection electrode, in electroscrubbers, the collection of dust particles takes place in the entire precipitator chamber. Compared to inertial scrubbers, the electroscrubbers can operate at lower droplet velocities, but the collection efficiency for a single droplet can be larger than 1. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art of wet electrostatic scrubbing (electroscrubbing) technique used for gas cleaning from dust or smoke particles. Three groups of problems are discussed: (1) The fundamental problems concerning the charged dust particle deposition on a charged collector, usually a drop, with a focus on different models describing the process. (2) The experimental works of fundamental importance to our knowledge referring to the scrubbing process, which can be used for validating the theory. (3) The laboratory demonstrations and industrial tests of different constructions of electroscrubbers designed for effective gas cleaning. The electroscrubber is not designed to replace wet or dry electrostatic precipitators but can be used as a complementary device following the last stage of conventional electrostatic precipitator, which helps to remove submicron particles. It was shown in the paper that a higher collection efficiency of an electroscrubber could be obtained for higher values of Coulomb number (i.e., higher electric charges on the collector and particle), and for a Stokes number lower than5 (i.e., low particle-collector relative velocity).     

Miniaturization and automation of an internally cooled coated fiber device

The internally cooled coated fiber device was miniaturized to allow its direct introduction into a gas chromatography injector, while maintaining a reasonable lifetime of the septum. The device was robust, and its fiber, which was accommodated in an 18-gauge needle, was reproducibly used for more than 100 injections without any coating failure. The fiber temperature was controlled within 5 degrees C of the preset value by use of a temperature controller, a solenoid valve, and stainless steel tubings with different inner diameter. The device was mounted and used on the CTC CombiPAL autosampler with minor modifications, such as enlarging the hole of the needle guide of the autosampler and coupling the temperature control system of the device to the autosampler through a logic circuit. The device was validated with the back equilibration of hydrocarbons preloaded in the fiber in air. The automation of the internally cooled coated fiber device provided the feasibility of high throughput for the analysis of analytes in complex matrixes that required simultaneous heating of the sample matrixes and cooling of the fiber coating.     

Modeling and physical interpretation of photocatalytic oxidation efficiency in indoor air applications

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the major pollutants in indoor air, which significantly impact indoor air quality (IAQ). As a promising technique to remove VOCs, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) takes the advantages of oxidation of a large range of VOCs with low energy consumption. In this study, the mass transports and reaction mechanism involved in the PCO process have been studied. In addition, the kinetic models of PCO on the different conditions of elementary reactions have been critically reviewed. Moreover, the factors that may affect the efficiency of PCO were interpreted based on the established fundamental mechanism of PCO. Some recommendations were made for future work to improve the efficiency of PCO system for building applications.     

The effect of microwave treatment on the immunoreactivity of gliadin and wheat flour

Commercial gliadins and wheat flour were exposed to microwaves at power distribution of 70, 200, and 500 W for different time periods to achieve a level of applied energy doses up to 150 kJ. Ethanolic extracts (40 vol.% ethanol/water) of microwave treated samples were analyzed by ELISA with the use of either monoclonal antibodies against -gliadin or polyclonal anti-gliadin antibodies and by electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. A significant increase in reactivity, almost 210% over the untreated control sample, was observed for gliadins exposed to the energy dose of 40 kJ. Gliadins treated with higher energy doses showed a drop in an immune response independent of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies used in ELISA. Gliadin fractions extracted from wheat flour treated with microwaves demonstrated similar immunoreactivity changes vs applied energy, although the maximum of reactivity appeared at 30 kJ. The increase in immune response of microwave irradiated gliadins was also confirmed by immunoblotting assay with the use of sera of patients susceptible to wheat flour allergy. Reversed phase HPLC elution profiles of treated gliadins showed that the content of all gliadin fractions in microwave treated samples decreased with the increase of the dose of applied energy.     

Measurements of Water-Air Flow Phenomena in a Chamber with a Rotating Shaft

The paper concerns the phenomena of the fluid film that occurs in the bearing chamber of an aircraft engine.The geometry of the system includes two concentric cylinders,between which there is a mixture of oil and air.The fluid circulates in a closed circuit.The rotary movement of the inner cylinder causes creation of the fluid film on the walls of the chamber.The article proposes a measurement method that is allowing observation of this fluid film and,in particular,analysis of the movement of the air bubbles occurring in the film.An own model of the bearing chamber with transparent walls was constructed for the research.For the investigation,water was used instead of oil.Observation of the behaviour of the flow was possible thanks to video recordings made with the use of a fast-capture camera.The results presented in the paper include velocity magnitudes of the air bubbles in the fluid film in dependence on the rotational speed of the shaft and water volume fraction and with a range from 0.37 to 0.91 m/s.The results presented in this article can be used for the bearing chamber numerical models validation.     

Neural network for predicting the performance of credit card accounts

This paper reports the interim results of an experimental project using neural networks as a decision support tool for credit card risk assessment within a major bank. Two prototype neural network systems have been developed: one which emulates the decisions of the current risk assessment system, and another which attempts to predict the performance of credit card accounts based on the accounts historical data. This paper focuses on the development of the neural network model for credit card account performance prediction. The study has shown that such a tool can help in discovering the potential problems with credit card applicants at the very early stage of the credit account life cycle.