The control strategy for a molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid system

Based on mathematical modelling and numerical simulations, the control strategy for a molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid system (MCFC-HS) is presented. Adequate maps of performances with three independent parameters are shown. The independent parameters are as follows: stack current, fuel mass flow and compressor outlet pressure. Those parameters can be controlled by external load, fuel valve and turbine–compressor shaft speed, respectively.     

Study on utilizing solid food industry waste with brewers' spent grain and potato pulp as possible peroxidase sources

This study found that extracts containing ionically bound proteins, isolated from potato pulp and brewers' spent grain, were characterized by high peroxidase activities. The kinetic parameters, namely K_m and V_max values, were typical for plant peroxidases. Seven peroxidase isoenzymes in potato pulp and two isoenzymes in brewers' spent grain were obtained from their respective ionically bound fractions. Peroxidases from both potato pulp and brewers' spent grain displayed high storage stability, over a 90‐day‐long storage period, if stored at ?20°C with glycerol added to a concentration of 50% or as unsupplemented extracts at 4°C. Peroxidase activity was present in the covalently bound fraction of potato pulp, whereas it was absent in the respective fraction of brewers' spent grain. Covalently bound peroxidases from potato pulp displayed high activity, but low stability. Peroxidases extracted from brewers' spent grain and potato pulp, followed the ping‐pong mechanism and the sequence mechanism, respectively.

Practical applications

Plant peroxidases are widely applicable in various fields of biotechnology and diagnostics. These enzymes are used for biosensor and glucometer construction and in conjugation with antibodies for the purpose of enzyme immunoassays. Using waste products as a peroxidase source provides a cost‐friendly alternative to commercially available horseradish peroxidase and gives an opportunity to recycle waste from the food industry—processed plant biomass. Here, the properties of peroxidases from food waste products, namely potato pulp and brewers' spent grain are analyzed. The extracts were characterized by high storage stability and high enzymatic activity, which are two key traits necessary for the practical use of enzyme preparations.     

Provision of end-to-end QoS in heterogeneous multi-domain networks

In this paper, we present the framework to provision end-to-end QoS in heterogeneous multi-domain networks that was implemented in EuQoS system and tested in Pan-European research network. It assumes that a pair of end users, possibly attached to different access networks as xDSL, UMTS, LAN/Ethernet, WiFi, MPLS or Satellite, may choose for its connection an appropriate end-to-end Class of Service, depending on the application they use, e.g. VoIP, VoD, FTP, etc. Each end-to-end Class of Service has its own traffic control mechanisms and algorithms and, as a result, it has the ability to handle traffic streams with assumed guarantees for packet transfer characteristics expressed in the form of loss ratio, mean delay and delay variation. The end-to-end Classes of Service are supported in all the domains (including inter-domain links) independently using specialised inter-domain Class of Service-aware QoS routing protocol which establishes the end-to-end QoS paths. This paper describes the solution and includes exemplary simulation and experimental results.     

Content of trichodiene and analysis of fungal volatiles (electronic nose) in wheat and triticale grain naturally infected and inoculated with Fusarium culmorum

Four groups of cereal kernels were analyzed in terms of their volatile metabolite contents using GC/MS and the electronic nose. Analyses were conducted on 36 triticale breeding lines and 22 wheat breeding lines. Grain came from field samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and simultaneous non-inoculated samples-controls. All sample groups contained significantly varied levels of trichodiene (TRICH), a precursor for the formation of fusarium metabolites, with approx. two times higher concentration recorded in triticale. In inoculated samples TRICH concentration for wheat was on average six times higher and for triticale eight times higher than in non-inoculated samples. In the course of analysis using the electronic nose in tested groups of grain differences were observed in the profiles of detected volatile compounds. This resulted in a statistically significant distribution of investigated samples into four objects.     

Symmetry of normal motor and sensory nerve conduction measurements

Nerve conduction measurements in normal subjects are assumed to be symmetric, but the normal limits of symmetry have not been determined. Full data on the limits of symmetry for commonly studied nerves are important in the clinical interpretation of nerve conduction data. We selected normal electrodiagnostic studies from archived electromyographic laboratory reports that included bilateral measurements of motor and sensory nerves. Symmetry of nerve conduction measures was confirmed, and only the median and ulnar sensory nerves had significant deviations from symmetry, supporting subclinical nerve damage in the most common dominant hand. The limits of symmetry were determined by calculating the 95th percentile for the differences between sides. For motor and sensory nerves, the range of 95th percentile limits was narrower for measures in upper extremity nerves compared to lower extremity nerves. Several reasons are offered for the wider limits of symmetry in lower extremity nerves.