Qi Wang  Iain W. H. Oswald  Xiaolong Yang  Guijiang Zhou  Huiping Jia  Qiquan Qiao  Jason Hoshikawa‐Halbert  Bruce E. Gnade 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2015,1(7)

An advanced device structure using doped blue dual emitting layers (EMLs) and an undoped orange EML is developed for achieving white organic light‐emitting diodes. The optimized device using a single emitting species for both blue and orange emission shows a peak power efficiency of 60 lm W⁻¹ and high color stability over the entire operation process due to the aligned energy levels for facilitated charge transport. Quantitative analysis of the device working mechanism is performed to provide an explanation for the high performance of the device. It is found that both the charge and exciton transporting behavior can be finely tuned between different emitting regions, and therefore the efficiency and spectrum of the device are improved systematically.  相似文献   

    

Satish C. Rai  Kai Wang  Jiajun Chen  Jason K. Marmon  Manish Bhatt  Sarah Wozny  Yong Zhang  Weilie Zhou 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2015,1(4)

The piezo‐phototronic effect is of immense importance for improving the performance of optoelectronic nanodevices. This is accomplished by tuning the charge carrier generation, separation, and transport under the influence of the inner piezopotential. In this paper, a broad band photodetector is demonstrated that is based on II‐VI binary CdSe/ZnTe core/shell nanowire arrays, in which photodetection is greatly enhanced by the piezo‐phototronic effect. The photodetector performance under UV (385 nm), blue (465 nm), and green (520 nm) illumination infers a saturation free response with an intensity variation near two orders of magnitude, where the peak photocurrent (125 μA) is two orders higher at 0.25 kilogram force (kgf) compared to no load (0.71 μA). The resulting (%) responsivity changed by four orders of magnitude. The significant increase in responsivity is believed to arise from: 1) the piezo‐phototronic effect induced by a change in the Schottky barrier height at the Ag–ZnTe junction, and in the type‐II band alignment at the CdSe–ZnTe interfaces, in conjugation with 2) a small lattice mismatch between the CdSe and ZnTe epitaxial layers, which lead to reduced charge carrier recombination. This work thus extends the piezo‐phototronic effect to a group II‐VI binary semiconductor heterostructure and demonstrates the importance of the epitaxial interface in a core/shell nanowire photodetector.  相似文献   

    

Jason R. McKee  Eric A. Appel  Jani Seitsonen  Eero Kontturi  Oren A. Scherman  Olli Ikkala 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(18):2706-2713

Nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared combining polymer brush‐modified ‘hard’ cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and ‘soft’ polymeric domains, and bound together by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) supramolecular crosslinks, which allow dynamic host–guest interactions as well as selective and simultaneous binding of two guests, i.e., methyl viologen (the first guest) and naphthyl units (the second guest). CNCs are mechanically strong colloidal rods with nanometer‐scale lateral dimensions, which are functionalized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to yield a dense set of methacrylate polymer brushes bearing naphthyl units. They can then be non‐covalently cross‐linked through simple addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymers containing pendant viologen units as well as CB[8]s in aqueous media. The resulting supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogels combine three important criteria: high storage modulus (G′ > 10 kPa), rapid sol–gel transition (<6 s), and rapid self‐healing even upon aging for several months, as driven by balanced colloidal reinforcement as well as the selectivity and dynamics of the CB[8] three‐component supramolecular interactions. Such a new combination of properties for stiff and self‐healing hydrogel materials suggests new approaches for advanced dynamic materials from renewable sources.  相似文献   

    

Robert H. Chen  Jason L. Speyer 《国际强度与非线性控制杂志
》2002,12(8):675-696

A new robust multiple‐fault detection and identification algorithm is determined. Different from other algorithms which explicitly force the geometric structure by using eigenstructure assignment or geometric theory, this algorithm is derived from solving an optimization problem. The output error is divided into several subspaces. For each subspace, the transmission from one fault, denoted the associated target fault, is maximized while the transmission from other faults, denoted the associated nuisance fault, is minimized. Therefore, each projected residual of the robust multiple‐fault detection filter is affected primarily by one fault and minimally by other faults. The transmission from process and sensor noises is also minimized so that the filter is robust with respect to these disturbances. It is shown that, in the limit where the weighting on each associated nuisance fault transmission goes to infinity, the filter recovers the geometric structure of the restricted diagonal detection filter of which the Beard–Jones detection filter and unknown input observer are special cases. Filter designs can be obtained for both time‐invariant and time‐varying systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Ming‐Tsung Chang  Chun‐Ren Chen  Ting‐Hang Liu  Chin‐Pei Lee  Jason TC Tzen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(6):1516-1519

BACKGROUND: Oil bodies isolated from sesame seeds coalesced to form large oil drops when they were solidified in a drying process commonly used for food products. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to solidify oil bodies for long‐term storage at room temperature. RESULTS: On the basis of testing several excipients, the coalescence of oil bodies could be effectively prevented when they were combined with mannitol. Sizes of oil bodies appeared similar under a light microscope before and after powderisation in combination with 70% or more mannitol. Artificial oil bodies were successfully generated with sesame oil, phospholipid and recombinant sesame caleosin. Following the developed protocol, native and artificial oil bodies were stably solidified in tablets. Both native and artificial oil bodies dissolved from the tablets remained stable after an accelerated stress test under a condition of 75% humidity at 40 °C for 4 months. CONCLUSION: A protocol was successfully developed for the solidification of native and artificial oil bodies in stable powder and tablet forms. This successful protocol is very likely to expedite the utilisation of artificial oil bodies in their potential applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

    

Jason Maley  Eric K. Asare  Monica Bga  Brian G. Rossnagel  Ravindra N. Chibbar  Ramaswami Sammynaiken 《Starch - St?rke》2010,62(12):676-685

Starch samples extracted from barley cultivars with varying AM concentrations were imaged by AFM using intermittent contact mode. Two different deposition methods were used: a simple solution drop and an aerosol spray deposition. Using the drop deposition method, starch appeared mainly as small particles and aggregated globules, with average heights of 1.8 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.7, and 5.5 ± 1.0 nm, for starch solutions containing increased (38%), normal (25.8%), and undetectable (0%) AM, respectively. The aerosol spray deposition method allowed analysis of individual biopolymer chains of AM and biopolymer fibrils of AP. The image of normal starch showed individual AM chains with an average height of 0.8 ± 0.2 nm, and an average contour length of 178 ± 127 nm. For increased AM starch, the height of individual AM chains was similar to normal starch, but the average contour length was shorter (140 ± 70 nm). All barley starches showed fibril bundles of AP with average heights of 1.9 to 2.9 nm and lengths in the micron size range.  相似文献   

    

D. Evan Evans  Robert Dambergs  David Ratkowsky  Chengdao Li  Stefan Harasymow  Sophia Roumeliotis  Jason K. Eglinton 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2010,116(1):86-96

Prediction of malt fermentability (apparent attenuation limit — AAL) by measurement of the diastatic power enzymes (DPE), α‐amylase, total limit dextrinase, total β‐amylase, β‐amylase thermostability, and the Kolbach index (KI or free amino nitrogen — FAN) is superior to the conventional use of diastatic power (DP) alone. The thermostability of β‐amylase is known to be an important factor in determining fermentability, thus the thermostability of the other relatively thermolabile enzyme, limit dextrinase, was investigated to determine if it was also useful in predicting fermentability. To facilitate this aim, methods were developed for a rapid and cost efficient assay of both β‐amylase and limit dextrinase thermostability. Internationally important Australian and international malting varieties were compared for their total limit dextrinase and β‐amylase activity and thermostability. Interestingly, the level of limit dextrinase thermostability was observed to be inversely correlated with total limit dextrinase activity. The prediction of malt fermentability was achieved by both forward step‐wise multi‐linear regression (MLR) and the partial least squares (PLS) multivariate model development methods. Both methods produced similar identifications of the parameters predicting wort fermentability at similar levels of predictive power. Both models were substantially better at predicting fermentability than the traditional use of DP on its own. The emphasis of this study was on the identification of predictive factors that can be consistently used in models to predict fermentability, because the model parameter estimates will subtly vary depending on mashing conditions, yeast strain/fermentation conditions and malt source. The application of these multivariate model development methods (PLS and MLR) enabled the identification of further potential fermentability predicting factors. The analyses divided the predictive parameters into those defined by DP enzymes and those associated with modification (KI, FAN, fine/coarse difference, wort β‐glucan and friability). Surprisingly, limit dextrinase thermostability was not a substantial predictor of fermentability, presumably due to its negative correlation with total limit dextrinase activity. The application of these insights in the malting and brewing industries is expected to result in substantial improvements in brewing consistency and enable more specific quality targets for barley breeder's progeny selection cut‐off limits to be more precisely defined.  相似文献   

    

Amanda M. Stephens  Lisa L. Dean  Jack P. Davis  Jason A. Osborne  Timothy H. Sanders 《Journal of food science》2010,75(4):H116-H122

ABSTRACT: Human clinical trials have demonstrated the cardiovascular protective properties of peanuts and peanut oil in decreasing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) without reducing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The cardiovascular effects of the nonlipid portion of peanuts has not been evaluated even though that fraction contains arginine, flavonoids, folates, and other compounds that have been linked to cardiovascular health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fat free peanut flour (FFPF), peanuts, and peanut oil on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the development of atherosclerosis in male Syrian golden hamsters. Each experimental diet group was fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet with various peanut components (FFPF, peanut oil, or peanuts) substituted for similar metabolic components in the control diet. Tissues were collected at week 0, 12, 18, and 24. Total plasma cholesterol (TPC), LDL-C, and HDL-C distributions were determined by high-performance gel filtration chromatography, while aortic total cholesterol (TC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Peanuts, peanut oil, and FFPF diet groups had significantly (P < 0.05) lower TPC, non-HDL-C than the control group beginning at about 12 wk and continuing through the 24-wk study. HDL-C was not significantly different among the diet groups. Peanut and peanut component diets retarded an increase in TC and CE. Because CE is an indicator of the development of atherosclerosis this study demonstrated that peanuts, peanut oil, and FFPF retarded the development of atherosclerosis in animals consuming an atherosclerosis inducing diet.  相似文献   

    

Aves SJ  Hunt C  Xiang Z  Lyne MH  Wood V  Rajandream MA  Skelton J  Churcher CM  Warren T  Harris D  Gwilliam R  Barrell BG 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》2002,19(6):521-527

Expression of the mei3 gene is sufficient to induce meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mei3 gene is located 0.64 Mb from the telomere of the left arm of Sz. pombe chromosome II. We have sequenced and analysed 107 kb of DNA from the mei3 genomic region. The sequence includes 14 known genes (bag1-B, csh3, dps1, gpt1, mei3, mfm3, pac1, prp31, rpl38-1, rpn3, rti1, spa1, spm1 and ubc4) and 26 other open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 codons: a density of one protein-coding gene per 2.7 kb. Twenty-one of the 40 ORFs (53%) have introns. In addition there is one lone Tf1 transposon long terminal repeat (LTR), tRNA(Trp) and tRNA(Ser) genes and a 5S rRNA gene. 14 of the novel ORFs show sequence similarities which suggest functions of their products, including a coatomer alpha-subunit, a catechol O-methyltransferase, protein kinase, asparagine synthetase, zinc metalloprotease, acetyltransferase, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, inositol polyphosphate phosphatase, GTPase-activating protein, permease, pre-mRNA splicing factor, 20S proteasome component and a thioredoxin-like protein. One predicted protein has similarity to the human Cockayne syndrome protein CSA and one with human GTPase XPA binding protein XAB1. Three ORFs are likely to code for proteins because they have sequence similarity with hypothetical proteins, three encode predicted coiled-coil proteins and four are sequence orphans.  相似文献   

    

Yuri S. Velichko  Jason R. Mantei  Ronit Bitton  Daniel Carvajal  Kenneth R. Shull  Samuel I. Stupp 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(2):442-442

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